Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 72 of 124
- A. (i), (iv), (iii) and (ii)
- B. (ii), (i), (iii) and (iv)
- C. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
- D. (iii), (ii), (i) and (iv)
Explanation: The smallest cell is mycoplasma (0.1-0.5 µm). The bacterial cell measures 3-5 µm in length. Erythrocytes are 6-8 µm in diameter.
Correct answer: (i), (iv), (iii) and (ii)- A. Plasmid
- B. Mesosome
- C. Nucleosome
- D. All A, B, C
Explanation: Mesosome is a convoluted membranous structure formed in a prokaryotic cell by the invagination of the plasma membrane.
Correct answer: Mesosome- A. Oxidative phosphorylation
- B. Transporting ions against concentration gradients
- C. Providing rigidity to the structure
- D. Cell division
Explanation: Tonoplast is the membrane surrounding the vacoule. The vacuole helps in maintaining cell volume and cell turgor; the regulation of…
Correct answer: Transporting ions against concentration gradients- A. Basal granules
- B. Basal lamina
- C. Basal bodies
- D. Basal ganglion
Explanation: Basal bodies are modified centrioles that give rise to cilia and flagella.
Correct answer: Basal bodies- A. 1
- B. 2
- C. 3
- D. 4
Explanation: The chromosomes are called telocentric, acrocentric, sub metacentric and metacentric depending upon the location of centromere between the…
Correct answer: 4- A. Irregular, spherical
- B. Rectangular, spherical
- C. Elongated, spherical
- D. Ellipsoidal, square
Explanation: Most of the nuclei are spherical in shape, however nuclei of certain cells (like various types of WBCs.) have irregular shapes e.g.
Correct answer: Irregular, spherical- A. Smooth muscle cells
- B. Striated muscle cells
- C. Striped muscle cells
- D. Skeletal muscle cells
Explanation: Skeletal muscle cells are highly elongated and become unwieldy to be controlled by a single nucleus; thus contain many nuclei per cell.
Correct answer: Skeletal muscle cells- A. Chromatin network, nucleoplasm
- B. Chromosomes, nucleoplasm
- C. Nucleoplasm, chromatin network
- D. Chromatin network, cytoplasm
Explanation: In non-dividing cell (interphase) DNA of chromosomes have been decondensed and uncoiled. In this form it is called chromatin network.
Correct answer: Chromatin network, nucleoplasm- A. Reproductive activities of the cell
- B. Somatic activities of the cell
- C. All activities of the cell
- D. Physiological activities of the cell
Explanation: All activities of a cell are controlled by its genetic material or DNA, through the genes; called units of inheritance.
Correct answer: All activities of the cell- A. Plasmalemma
- B. Cytoplasmic membrane
- C. Plasma membrane
- D. Nuclear membrane
Explanation: In eukaryotic cells nuclear membrane or nuclear envelope separates the nuclear material from cytoplasm.
Correct answer: Nuclear membrane- A. Endoplasmic reticulum
- B. Nucleolus
- C. Nuclear pores
- D. Chromosomes
Explanation: Pores are formed by the fusion of outer and inner nuclear membranes at certain points which are source of communication between cytoplasm…
Correct answer: Nuclear pores- A. Endoplasmic reticulum
- B. Nuclear pores
- C. Vacuoles
- D. Nuclear envelope
Explanation: Nuclear pores are source of communication between nucleus and cytoplasm.
Correct answer: Nuclear pores1433. The number of nuclear pores in the nuclei of differentiated cells such as erythrocytes is only:
- A. 1-2 nuclear pores/nucleus
- B. 2-3 nuclear pores/nucleus
- C. 3-4 nuclear pores/nucleus
- D. 5-6 nuclear pores/nucleus
Explanation: A differentiated cell which have been assigned a specific role and is not destined to divide further is less active metabolically and need…
Correct answer: 3-4 nuclear pores/nucleus- A. Leucocytes
- B. Erythrocytes
- C. Osteocytes
- D. Egg cells
Explanation: Egg cell is an undifferentiated cell which undergoes repeated mitoses after fertilization for development and remains highly active.
Correct answer: Egg cells- A. Many per nucleus
- B. One per nucleus
- C. One or more per nucleus
- D. Zero per nucleus
Explanation: Number of nucleoli varies in different types of diploid cells, minimum being one and maximum may be in thousands.
Correct answer: One or more per nucleus1436. It is the place where ribosomes are assembled and then exported to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores.
- A. Nucleus
- B. Nucleoplasm
- C. Nuclear envelope
- D. Nucleolus
Explanation: Nucleoli are factories of ribosome synthesis whereas, ribosomes are factories of protein synthesis.
Correct answer: Nucleolus1437. During cell division thread like material is converted into darkly stained structures known as:
- A. Nucleoli
- B. Nuclear membrane
- C. Nucleosomes
- D. Chromosomes
Explanation: Nucleus of a non-dividing cell contain chromatin material in form of network which have been obtained by uncoiling and decondensation of…
Correct answer: Chromosomes- A. Centromere
- B. Chromatid
- C. Secondary constriction
- D. Nucleosome
Explanation: Centromere or primary constriction is that part of chromosome that links sister chromatids or a dyad.
Correct answer: Centromere- A. Two non-sister centromeres
- B. Two sister chromatids
- C. Two non-sister chromatids
- D. Two sister centromeres
Explanation: Both chromatids of same chromosome are sister to each other whereas they are non-sister to the chromatids of other homologue.
Correct answer: Two sister chromatids- A. Centromeres
- B. Kinetochores
- C. Genes
- D. Genetic material
Explanation: Genes are physical units of heredity located on chromosomes.
Correct answer: Genes