Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 65 of 124
1281. Which of the following types of microscope is used to study the internal structures of a cell?
- A. Simple microscope
- B. Compound microscope
- C. Light microscope
- D. Electron microscope
Explanation: An electron microscope uses a beam of electrons instead of visible light to image the specimen, providing much higher magnification and…
Correct answer: Electron microscope- A. Endoplasmic reticulum
- B. Chloroplast
- C. Golgi apparatus
- D. Mitochondria
Explanation: Mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles found in both animal and plant cells.
Correct answer: Mitochondria- A. Provides mechanical shape
- B. Maintains cellular homeostasis
- C. Regulates passage of molecules
- D. Prevents from osmotic lysis
Explanation: The cell membrane in animal cells does not prevent the cell from osmotic lysis.
Correct answer: Prevents from osmotic lysis- A. Heads of phospholipid molecules
- B. Cholesterol molecules
- C. Tails of phospholipid molecules
- D. Glycoproteins
Explanation: Glycoproteins are proteins that have carbohydrate chains (oligosaccharides) attached to them.
Correct answer: Glycoproteins- A. It helps in the transport of proteins between various regions of cytoplasm.
- B. It forms cytoplasmic framework for biochemical activities.
- C. It is involved in the formation of lysosomes.
- D. It is involved in the formation of cell wall.
Explanation: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is not involved in the formation of the cell wall.
Correct answer: It is involved in the formation of cell wall.- A. Mitochondria
- B. Endoplasmic Reticulum
- C. Nucleus
- D. Chloroplast
Explanation: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a single-membrane-bound organelle. This means that it is surrounded by a single layer of phospholipids.
Correct answer: Endoplasmic Reticulum- A. Lysosomes
- B. Golgi bodies
- C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- D. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Explanation: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is involved in the synthesis of steroids.
Correct answer: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum- A. E. coli
- B. C. botulinum
- C. T. pallidum
- D. All of these
Explanation: All of these are bacteria and belong to the prokaryotic group. Hence, all of them have 70S ribosomes.
Correct answer: All of these- A. Mitochondria
- B. Lysosomes
- C. Cell membrane
- D. Golgi apparatus
Explanation: The modification of proteins and lipids into glycoproteins and glycolipids is one of the functions of the Golgi apparatus.
Correct answer: Golgi apparatus- A. Golgi apparatus
- B. Cell wall
- C. Lysosomes
- D. None of these
Explanation: Lysosomes are most abundant in those animal cells which exhibit phagocytic activity.
Correct answer: Lysosomes- A. Grave's disease
- B. Addison's disease
- C. Glycogenosis type Il disease
- D. Tay-Sachs disease
Explanation: Tay-Sachs disease is a rare, inherited disorder that is caused by the accumulation of a fatty substance called GM2 ganglioside in the…
Correct answer: Tay-Sachs disease1292. Which of the following cell organelles can be viewed with the help of a high power light microscope?
- A. Endoplasmic reticulum
- B. Ribosomes
- C. Mitochondria
- D. Lysosomes
Explanation: Due to the large size of mitochondria as compared to endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and ribosomes, it can be visualized easily with the…
Correct answer: Mitochondria- A. Mitochondrial matrix
- B. Inner mitochondrial membrane
- C. Outer mitochondrial membrane
- D. Inter-membrane space
Explanation: F1 particles are located on cristae, the infoldings of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Correct answer: Inner mitochondrial membrane- A. Inner mitochondrial membrane
- B. Mitochondrial matrix
- C. Outer mitochondrial membrane
- D. Thylakoid membrane
Explanation: Electron transport chain (ETC) occurs on inner mitochondrial membrane which provides the site for pumping of protons across it.
Correct answer: Inner mitochondrial membrane- A. Endoplasmic reticulum
- B. Chloroplast
- C. Lysosomes
- D. Golgi apparatus
Explanation: Both chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to be originated from prokaryotes and are explained with the help of the endosymbiotic…
Correct answer: Chloroplast- A. Carotenoids
- B. Xanthophylls
- C. Globin chains of haemoglobin
- D. The haem part of haemoglobin
Explanation: Chlorophyll molecule reselmbles haem group of heamoglobin. The only difference between chlorophyll and haemoglobin is that chlorophyll has…
Correct answer: The haem part of haemoglobin- A. Golgi apparatus
- B. Lysosomes
- C. RER
- D. SER
Explanation: The RER has a continous connection with the nuclear membrane.
Correct answer: RER- A. Formation and breakdown of nuclear envelope
- B. Formation of centromere
- C. Formation of ribosomes
- D. Organization of spindle during nuclear division
Explanation: Nucleolus is the darkly stained area within the nucleus and without any membranous boundary to separate it from the rest of the nuclear…
Correct answer: Formation of ribosomes- A. Corn
- B. Sugarcane
- C. Frog
- D. Mouse
Explanation: Mouses, corns, sugarcanes and frogs have 40, 20, 80 and 26 chromosomes in their diploid cells, respectively.
Correct answer: Mouse- A. Ribosome
- B. Lysosome
- C. Nucleosome
- D. Polysome
Explanation: A polysome is a cluster of ribosomes held together by a strand of messenger RNA which each is translating.
Correct answer: Polysome