Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 66 of 124
- A. Cellulose
- B. Silica
- C. Chitin
- D. Peptidoglycan
Explanation: Bacterial cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan also called murein, which is made from polysaccharide chains cross-linked by short…
Correct answer: Peptidoglycan- A. Grana
- B. Stroma
- C. Thylakoids
- D. Cisternae
Explanation: Thylakoids are flattened vesicles which arrange themselves in the form of grana and inter-granum. Grana are piled up in the form of coins.
Correct answer: Grana- A. Animals and Plants
- B. Animals
- C. Plants
- D. Viruses
Explanation: Plastids are present in autotrophic eukaryotes and multicellular organisms such as plants and algae.
Correct answer: Plants- A. Phospholipids only
- B. Lipids and proteins
- C. Lipids and carbohydrates
- D. Glycoproteins
Explanation: The plasma membrane is made up 60-80 % of proteins, 20-40 % of lipids and a very small amount of carbohydrates.
Correct answer: Lipids and proteins1305. The endoplasmic reticulum contains a system of flattened membrane-bounded sacs which are called?
- A. Cristae
- B. Marks
- C. Cisternae
- D. Tubules
Explanation: The material in the Endoplasmic reticulum is separated from the cytoplasmic materials by spherical or tubular membranes called cisternae.
Correct answer: Cisternae- A. Mitochondria
- B. Vacuole
- C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- D. Ribosomes
Explanation: Most of the enzymes are protein molecules and are synthesized on the ribosomes.
Correct answer: Ribosomes1307. Ribosomes exist in two forms. They are either attached with the RER or freely dispersed in the _
- A. Tonoplast
- B. Golgi bodies
- C. Cytoplasm
- D. SER
Explanation: Therefore, the correct answer is C) Cytoplasm, as ribosomes can exist freely dispersed in the cytoplasm when not attached to the rough…
Correct answer: Cytoplasm- A. Unit membrane
- B. Fluid mosaic
- C. Permeable
- D. Ultracentrifuge
Explanation: Therefore, the correct answer is B) Fluid Mosaic, which suggests that proteins are embedded in the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane.
Correct answer: Fluid mosaic- A. Mitochondria
- B. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
- C. RER
- D. SER
Explanation: Therefore, the correct answer is D) SER (Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum), which is the organelle primarily responsible for lipid metabolism.
Correct answer: SER- A. RER
- B. SER
- C. Chloroplast
- D. Golgi apparatus
Explanation: Therefore, the correct answer is A) RER, as it is the organelle where lysosomal enzymes are synthesized and processed before being…
Correct answer: RER- A. 9
- B. 27
- C. 3
- D. 12
Explanation: Each centriole is made of nine microtubule triplets (9x3=27)
Correct answer: 27- A. Muscle cells
- B. Nerve cells
- C. Bone cells
- D. Gland cells
Explanation: The nerve cells or neurons are the longest cells in the human body with some neurons being as long as 1-1.5 meters.
Correct answer: Nerve cells- A. Ribosome
- B. Mitochondria
- C. Nucleus
- D. Centriole
Explanation: Therefore, the correct answer is B) Mitochondria, as they are the organelles primarily involved in ATP synthesis within the cell.
Correct answer: Mitochondria- A. Galactose
- B. Glucose
- C. Phospholipid
- D. Carbohydrate
Explanation: The plasma membrane comprises phospholipid molecules, referred to as fluid in the fluid mosaic model.
Correct answer: Phospholipid- A. Cell wall
- B. Nucleus
- C. Cytoplasm
- D. Mitochondria
Explanation: In a plant cell, the cell wall is the only part that is non-living because it is an extracellular product and exists outside the living…
Correct answer: Cell wall- A. Passive Diffusion
- B. Active Transport
- C. Endocytosis
- D. Facilitated Diffusion
Explanation: Facilitated diffusion also known as facilitated transport or passive-mediated transport, is the process of spontaneous passive transport…
Correct answer: Facilitated Diffusion- A. Prokaryotes
- B. Protists
- C. Animal
- D. Plants
Explanation: Plant cells unlike any other possess a large central vacuole. The central vacuole stores water and maintains turgor pressure in a plant…
Correct answer: Plants- A. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
- B. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
- C. Golgi apparatus
- D. Lysosomes
Explanation: The detoxification of drugs is the function of SER while protein synthesis is the function of RER.
Correct answer: Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum- A. Centriole
- B. Endoplasmic Reticulum
- C. Nucleus
- D. Ribosome
Explanation: The ribosome is present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, eukaryotes have 80s while prokaryotes have 70s ribosomes.
Correct answer: Ribosome- A. Single, circular, double stranded molecule not bound by membrane
- B. Double, circular molecule
- C. Linear, double stranded molecule
- D. Single, circular, double stranded and membrane bound
Explanation: Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles so, DNA is not bound by a membrane, and DNA in prokaryotes is a single, circular double strand.
Correct answer: Single, circular, double stranded molecule not bound by membrane