Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers

• A. 80S
• B. 90S
• C. 100S
• D. 110S

Explanation: The 60S and 40S subunits are components of eukaryotic ribosomes. When they combine, they form the 80S ribosome, which is involved in…

• A. Structurally and functionally similar
• B. Structurally similar but functionally different
• C. Structurally and functionally different
• D. Structurally different but functionally similar

Explanation: The outer and inner membranes of mitochondria are both structurally and functionally different.

• A. Cells carry genetic information in the form of DNA
• B. Cells are the basic functional unit of life
• C. Cells arise from pre-existing cells
• D. All cells have membrane-bound organelles

Explanation: Option D is the correct choice because it inaccurately asserts that all cells have membrane-bound organelles.

• A. Endocytosis
• B. Phagocytosis
• C. Exocytosis
• D. Pinocytosis

Explanation: The correct answer is exocytosis. In exocytosis, cells release substances by fusing vesicles containing the substances with the plasma…

• A. Activity site
• B. Medium for biochemical reactions
• C. Waste site
• D. None of these options is correct

Explanation: The cytoplasm acts as a medium for biochemical reactions, providing an environment where organelles can operate efficiently and various…

• A. 0.25 micrometers
• B. 2 mm
• C. 24 micrometer
• D. 2.4 mm

Explanation: The resolving power of a microscope is defined as the reciprocal of the distance between two objects which can be resolved when seen…

• A. Protein
• B. DNA
• C. RNA
• D. Both A and C

Explanation: Ribosomes are complex macromolecular structures composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins, forming a ribonucleoprotein complex.

• A. Real
• B. Virtual
• C. Real and inverted
• D. Virtual and Inverted

Explanation: In a compound microscope, the objective lens first creates a real and inverted image.

• A. Cholesterol molecule
• B. Phospholipid
• C. Protein
• D. Amino acid

Explanation: Transverse diffusion, or flip-flop, is a process in which phospholipid molecules move from one leaflet of the lipid bilayer to the other.

• A. Cytosol
• B. Polysomes
• C. Cisternae
• D. Chitin

Explanation: The correct answer is Cytosol. Cytosol is the aqueous component of the cytoplasm, where various organelles, proteins, and other cell…

• A. A. V. Leeuwenhoek
• B. Pateur
• C. Jannsen and Hans
• D. None of these options are correct

Explanation: Option A is correct since Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was the first to use the compound microscope to observe bacteria and protozoa.

• A. Passive transport
• B. Non-facilitated transport
• C. Active transport
• D. Facilitated transport

Explanation: Fatty acids move across the plasma membrane primarily through passive transport.

• A. Cellulose
• B. Hemicellulose
• C. Middle lamella
• D. All of the above

Explanation: Option C is correct since the middle lamella is the layer of material between adjacent plant cells.

• A. Mesosomes
• B. Lysosomes
• C. Peroxisomes
• D. All of these

Explanation: Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes produced by the cell.

• A. Structures that degrade parts of their own cells to recycle cellular components
• B. Organelles that help in the removal of old and damaged cellular components
• C. Lysosomes that aid in extracellular digestion
• D. Vesicles that sequester cellular components for degradation by lysosomes

Explanation: The correct answer is that autophagosomes are vesicles that sequester cellular components for degradation by lysosomes.

• A. They contain enzymes which help in conversion of fatty acids into carbohydrates
• B. They are abundant in soybeans but absent in peas
• C. They are single membranous organelles
• D. They are present throughout the life of a plant, providing energy through the Glyoxylate cycle

Explanation: Glyoxysomes are specialized peroxisomes found in plant cells, particularly in the germinating seeds of plants rich in lipids.

• A. Active transport
• B. Passive transport
• C. Diffusion
• D. Both options B and C are correct

Explanation: Passive transport and diffusion both refers to the transport without the need of energy, in the form of ATP.

• A. Homogenisation, centrifugation
• B. Centrifugation, Homogenisation
• C. Both A and B
• D. None of the above

Explanation: Cell fractionation is a process designed to separate and isolate cellular components, such as organelles.

• A. Capsule of bacteria
• B. Nucleus
• C. Cell membrane
• D. Mitochondria

Explanation: The correct answer is the capsule of bacteria because it is an external structure, unlike the protoplasm, which refers to the internal…

• A. Viral fever
• B. Common cold
• C. Asthma
• D. Malaria

Explanation: Glycophorin is a sialoglycoprotein of the membrane of a red blood cell.