Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 57 of 124
- A. 10
- B. 23
- C. 24
- D. 48
Explanation: Somatic cells in humans are diploid, meaning they contain two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, resulting in 23 pairs, totaling…
Correct answer: 23- A. DNA polymerase
- B. Salivary amylase
- C. Pancreatic amylase
- D. Salivary lipase
Explanation: The correct answer is DNA polymerase. Free-floating ribosomes in the cytoplasm synthesize proteins that function within the cell, such as…
Correct answer: DNA polymerase- A. 500x
- B. 250,000x
- C. 100,000x
- D. 50,000x
Explanation: The magnification of electron microscope is 250,000 times greater than the naked eye.
Correct answer: 250,000x- A. Pinocytosis
- B. Exocytosis
- C. Endocytosis
- D. Erythrocytosis
Explanation: Endocytosis is the process by which cells take in substances from outside of the cell by engulfing them in a vesicle.
Correct answer: Endocytosis- A. They have a nitrogenous base in the head region
- B. They have fatty acids in the tail region
- C. They are amphipathic in nature
- D. They have a phosphate group in the head region
Explanation: Phospholipids are essential components of the plasma membrane because of their amphipathic nature.
Correct answer: They are amphipathic in nature1126. Enzymes involved in protein synthesis are most likely to associated with which cell organelle?
- A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- B. Golgi complex
- C. Ribosome
- D. All of the above
Explanation: Ribosomes are protein-nucleic acid complexes that function in the translation phase of protein synthesis.
Correct answer: Ribosome- A. Osmoregulation
- B. Secretion
- C. Protein synthesis
- D. Formation of spindle fibers
Explanation: The correct answer is the formation of spindle fibers. The centrosome serves as the main microtubule organizing center in eukaryotic cells…
Correct answer: Formation of spindle fibers- A. Hydrophobic
- B. Hydrophilic
- C. Neutral
- D. Both Options A and B are correct
Explanation: The cell membrane consists of a lipid bilayer where the hydrophilic heads of phospholipids face the aqueous internal and external…
Correct answer: Hydrophilic- A. 1 mm
- B. 0.1 mm
- C. 2 nm
- D. 1 dm
Explanation: The resolving power of the human eye is typically around 0.1 mm, meaning two points must be at least this distance apart for the eye to…
Correct answer: 0.1 mm- A. Metacentric
- B. Telocentric
- C. Acrocentric
- D. All of these
Explanation: The correct answer is Telocentric. In this type of chromosome, the centromere is located at the terminal end, which results in a single…
Correct answer: Telocentric- A. Primary Wall
- B. Secondary Wall
- C. Middle Lamella
- D. All of the above
Explanation: The correct answer is Middle Lamella. It is the first layer to form during cell wall development, serving as a pectin-rich adhesive…
Correct answer: Middle Lamella- A. Cytoplasm
- B. Nucleus
- C. Nucleolus
- D. Endoplasmic reticulum
Explanation: The nucleolus is a distinct structure within the nucleus, primarily responsible for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and the assembly…
Correct answer: Nucleolus- A. Real
- B. Virtual and inverted
- C. Virtual
- D. Real and inverted
Explanation: A compound microscope uses two sets of lenses to magnify an object. The objective lens creates a real, inverted image inside the…
Correct answer: Virtual and inverted1134. Which is not an example of transmembrane transport between different subcellular compartments?
- A. Transport from the stroma into thylakoid space
- B. Transport from the cytoplasm into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum
- C. Transport from mitochondrial intermembrane space into the mitochondrial matrix
- D. Transport from the endoplasmic reticulum into the Golgi complex
Explanation: Transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex is mediated by vesicles that ferry the molecules, making this process…
Correct answer: Transport from the endoplasmic reticulum into the Golgi complex- A. RER
- B. SER
- C. Golgi Bodies
- D. Both A and B
Explanation: The SER detoxifies poisons and drugs in the liver of vertebrates. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) lacks ribosomes and is…
Correct answer: SER- A. Schleiden
- B. Lorenz Oken
- C. Louis Pasteur
- D. Rudolph Virchow
Explanation: " Omnis cellula e cellula " is hypothesized by Rudolph Virchow. According to Rudolph Virchow, "Omnis cellula e cellula " means new cells…
Correct answer: Rudolph Virchow- A. Inner leaflet of the plasma membrane
- B. Outer leaflet of the plasma membrane
- C. Evenly distributed in the inner and outer leaflets
- D. Varies according to cell types
Explanation: Glycolipids are molecules composed of carbohydrates attached to lipids.
Correct answer: Outer leaflet of the plasma membrane- A. Synthesis of intracellular proteins
- B. Synthesis of extracellular proteins
- C. Synthesis of extracellular enzymes
- D. Synthesis of lipids
Explanation: The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum synthesizes lipids. Proteins are synthesized by ribosomes on the RER.
Correct answer: Synthesis of lipids- A. DNA
- B. Golgi apparatus
- C. Cell membrane
- D. Ribosome
Explanation: The correct answer is the Golgi apparatus, as it is a membrane-bound organelle exclusive to eukaryotic cells and not found in prokaryotic…
Correct answer: Golgi apparatus- A. No membranous boundary
- B. Composed of two regions
- C. Site of ribosome synthesis
- D. Hereditary center
Explanation: The correct answer is Option D: Hereditary center. The nucleolus is not the hereditary center of the cell; that function is attributed to…
Correct answer: Hereditary center