Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 51 of 124
1001. Lysosomes function in:
- A. Protein synthesis
- B. Processing of cellular materials
- C. Intracellular digestion
- D. Lipid synthesis
- E. Carbohydrate synthesis
Explanation: Lysosomes are specialized organelles within the cell that contain hydrolytic enzymes capable of breaking down macromolecules like…
Correct answer: Intracellular digestion- A. I only
- B. II only
- C. III only
- D. I and II only
- E. I, II and III
Explanation: Eukaryotic cells have nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, which is not the property of prokaryotes.The cell wall is not a…
Correct answer: II only- A. Lysosomes
- B. Mitochondria
- C. Peroxisomes
- D. Glyoxysomes
Explanation: Option A: Lysosomes are another type of cell organelle that contains enzymes that can break down waste products and foreign invaders.
Correct answer: Peroxisomes- A. Stomach
- B. Liver
- C. Pancreatic
- D. Muscle
Explanation: The Golgi complex is crucial for cells involved in secretion, such as stomach, liver, and pancreatic cells, where it helps in forming…
Correct answer: Muscle- A. A and B
- B. B and C
- C. A and C
- D. A and D
Explanation: ATP synthesis is seen in both chloroplasts and mitochondria. The inner membrane of mitochondria is folded to increase surface area.Both…
Correct answer: A and C- A. Endoplasmic reticulum
- B. Chloroplast
- C. Golgi apparatus
- D. Mitochondria
Explanation: Mitochondria and chloroplasts are both considered semi-autonomous organelles, as they have their own circular DNA and 70S ribosomes.
Correct answer: Mitochondria- A. Flagella
- B. Cell wall
- C. Central vacuole
- D. Chloroplast
Explanation: Plants cells are generally equipped with a cell wall, central large vacuole and chloroplast while it generally lacks flagella.
Correct answer: Flagella- A. Globular proteins
- B. Cholesterol
- C. Traces of carbohydrates
- D. Phospholipid
Explanation: Cholesterol is a type of lipid that is a major component of eukaryotic cell membranes.
Correct answer: Cholesterol- A. Provides mechanical support
- B. Maintain cellular homeostasis
- C. Regulate passage of molecules
- D. Prevent from osmotic lysis
Explanation: The animal cell membrane provides mechanical support., maintain homeostasis and regulate passage of molecules across the membrane.
Correct answer: Prevent from osmotic lysis- A. Head of phospholipid molecules
- B. Tail of phospholipid molecules
- C. Cholesterol molecules
- D. Glycoprotein
Explanation: The correct answer is Glycoprotein. Glycoproteins, which are proteins with carbohydrate chains attached, are embedded in the plasma…
Correct answer: Glycoprotein- A. Nucleus
- B. Cell membrane
- C. Chromosome
- D. Mitochondria
Explanation: The correct answer is the cell membrane, which is crucial for cellular life as it forms the outer boundary of the cell, providing…
Correct answer: Cell membrane- A. Glycosylation of proteins
- B. Synthesis of lipids
- C. Synthesis of proteins
- D. Synthesis of ribosomes
Explanation: Secretory proteins are synthesized on RER, then transferred to Golgi apparatus through SER for final processing and packaging and finally…
Correct answer: Synthesis of proteins- A. Plasma cells have RER in abundance
- B. RBCs lack both RER and SER
- C. SER is more than RER in adipose tissue
- D. Hepatocytes have both RER and SER
- E. None
Explanation: The correct answer is Option E: 'None', which signifies that all the other statements regarding endoplasmic reticulum are correct.
Correct answer: None- A. Calcium storage
- B. Steroid synthesis
- C. Enzyme synthesis
- D. Mechanical support
Explanation: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is not involved in enzyme synthesis.
Correct answer: Enzyme synthesis- A. Mitochondria
- B. Endoplasmic Reticulum
- C. Nucleus
- D. Chloroplast
Explanation: The organelle associated with a single membrane is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Correct answer: Endoplasmic Reticulum- A. Ribosomes
- B. Chloroplast
- C. Nucleus
- D. Mitochondria
Explanation: The correct answer is Ribosomes because they do not contain DNA. Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, made up of ribosomal RNA…
Correct answer: Ribosomes- A. Endoplasmic reticulum
- B. Ribosome
- C. Nucleus
- D. Chloroplast
Explanation: Explanation:Endoplasmic reticulum is a single membranous organelle while nucleus and chloroplast are bounded by the double membrane.
Correct answer: Ribosome- A. Mitochondria
- B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- D. Golgi apparatus
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus is essential for the post-translational modification of proteins and lipids, specifically converting them into…
Correct answer: Golgi apparatus- A. Glyoxysomes
- B. Lysosomes
- C. Microbodies
- D. Ribosomes
Explanation: Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that digest the phagocytosed food. Hence, they are most abundant in those cells which are specialized…
Correct answer: Lysosomes- A. Vacuole
- B. Golgi apparatus
- C. Endoplasmic reticulum
- D. Cytoskeleton
Explanation: Vacuoles provide support for the individual plant cell and contribute to the turgidity of the leaves and younger parts of the plants
Correct answer: Vacuole