Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers

• A. The electron microscope is more powerful than the light microscope as it uses a beam of electrons which has wavelength much longer than that of photons
• B. The resolving power of the electron microscope is much higher than that of the light microscope
• C. The resolving power of the electron microscope is 200-350 nm as compared to 0.1­-0.2 nm for the light microscope
• D. The electron beam can pass through thick materials, whereas light microscopy requires thin sections

Explanation: The major breakthrough with the development of the electron microscope is its significantly higher resolving power compared to the light…

• A. Blue
• B. Green
• C. Yellow
• D. Red

Explanation: Blue light has a short wavelength, which enhances the resolution of the light microscope, making it the optimal choice for studying cell…

• A. Thymine rich repeats
• B. Cytosine rich repeats
• C. Adenine rich repeats
• D. Guanine rich repeats

Explanation: Telomeres are characterized by guanine-rich repeats, which play a key role in protecting chromosome ends and maintaining genome stability.

• A. Mitochondria
• B. Vacuole
• C. Cell membrane
• D. Ribosome

Explanation: In living cells, the cytoplasm contains several cell organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi complex, nucleus…

• A. Plasma membrane has lipid bilayer sandwiched between two outer layer of protein.
• B. Proteins are embedded in the lipid bilayer
• C. Plasma membrane has charged pores for transport of materials which cannot penetrate through the lipid bilayer
• D. All of the above

Explanation: It was proposed earlier that a cell membrane is composed of a lipid bilayer sandwiched between inner and outer layers of protein.

• A. Active transport
• B. Phagocytosis
• C. Facilitated diffusion
• D. Simple diffusion

Explanation: Simple diffusion allows molecules like carbon dioxide (CO2) to passively cross the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an…

• A. 20-40
• B. 40-50
• C. 60-80
• D. 90

Explanation: Proteins make up 60-80% of the cell membrane, providing structural support and facilitating communication and transport.

• A. ER
• B. Golgi apparatus
• C. Cell membrane
• D. Mitochondria

Explanation: ER forms an intracellular connecting system and transports materials of the cell from one part of the cell to another part of the cell.

• A. Nucleus
• B. Mitochondria
• C. Cell membrane
• D. All of these

Explanation: Disruption or damage to the cell membrane can lead to the loss of essential cellular components, disrupt homeostasis, and ultimately cause…

• A. Vacuole
• B. Mitochondria
• C. Chloroplast
• D. Nucleus

Explanation: Vacuoles are single membrane-bounded organelles. The membrane that encases the vacuole is known as the tonoplast, distinguishing it from…

• A. Chloroplast
• B. Nucleus
• C. Central vacuole
• D. Mitochondria

Explanation: The central vacuole is the largest organelle in a mature plant cell. It stores water, nutrients, and waste, and is crucial for maintaining…

• A. Chloroplast
• B. Plastid
• C. Chromoplast
• D. Leucoplast

Explanation: Chromoplasts are specialized plastids that contain pigments other than green, such as carotenoids, which provide the red, orange, and…

• A. Mitochondria
• B. Nucleus
• C. Chloroplast
• D. Golgi apparatus

Explanation: Chloroplasts contain thylakoids, which are organized into grana. Each granum appears like a stack of coins, and the entire structure is…

• A. Chloroplast
• B. Chromoplasts
• C. Leucoplast
• D. Both A and B

Explanation: Leucoplasts are colorless organelles found in nonphotosynthetic tissues of plants.

• A. Tay-Sachs disease
• B. Phenylketonuria
• C. Klinefelter syndrome
• D. Down syndrome

Explanation: Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic disorder caused by the absence of a vital lysosomal enzyme responsible for breaking down certain lipids.

• A. Pinocytosis
• B. Endocytosis
• C. Autophagy
• D. Cytotoxicity

Explanation: Autophagy is a cellular mechanism for self-digestion where cells degrade and recycle their own components, such as nonfunctional…

• A. Ribosomes
• B. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
• C. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
• D. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

Explanation: The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) is responsible for lipid metabolism, including the synthesis of lipids and detoxification processes.

• A. Vacuole and lysosome are single membrane-bounded; nucleus and chloroplast are double membrane-bounded
• B. Chloroplast and lysosome are double membrane-bounded; vacuole and nucleus are single membrane-bounded
• C. Nucleus and vacuole are double membrane-bounded; chloroplast and lysosome are single membrane-bounded
• D. Vacuole and chloroplast are single membrane-bounded; nucleus and lysosome are double membrane-bounded

Explanation: The correct answer is that vacuoles and lysosomes are single membrane-bounded organelles, while the nucleus and chloroplast are double…

• A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
• B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
• C. Mitochondria
• D. Vacuoles

Explanation: 'Smooth ER' is involved in lipid synthesis and metabolism. 'Rough ER' is involved in protein synthesis.

• A. Robert Hooke
• B. Robert Brown
• C. Rudolph Virchow
• D. Lorenz Oken

Explanation: Rudolph Virchow gave statement according to the cell theory that new cells are formed from division of pre-existing cells which opposed…