Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 36 of 124
- A. Microfilaments
- B. Microvilli
- C. Microtubules
- D. Intermediate filaments
Explanation: Typical centrioles are made of 9 triplets of microtubules organized with radial symmetry.
Correct answer: Microtubules- A. 100 S
- B. 90 S
- C. 80 S
- D. 70 S
Explanation: The S in the ribosomal subunits stands for svedberg units. It represents the different sedimentation rates of the ribosomes during…
Correct answer: 80 S- A. I only
- B. II only
- C. III only
- D. I and II only
- E. I, II and III
Explanation: Eukaryotic cells have nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, which is not the property of prokaryotes.The cell wall is not a…
Correct answer: II only- A. Globular protein
- B. Cholesterol
- C. Traces of carbohydrates
- D. Phospholipid
Explanation: Globular proteins, polysaccharides and phospholipids are present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell membranes while cholesterol is…
Correct answer: Cholesterol- A. Towards extracellular matrix
- B. Towards cytoplasm
- C. Inner core of plasma membrane
- D. Towards the cytoskeleton
Explanation: The outside of plasma membrane is surrounded by water molecules. The hydrophobic portions will be present away from water moelcules i.e.…
Correct answer: Inner core of plasma membrane- A. Phospholipid monolayer with embedded proteins
- B. Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
- C. Triglyceride bilayer with embedded proteins
- D. Triglyceride monolayer with embedded proteins
Explanation: The model proposes that the membrane is a phospholipids bilayer in which protein molecules are either partially or wholly embedded.
Correct answer: Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins- A. Towards inside
- B. Towards outside
- C. Towards inside and outside
- D. Randomly distributed
Explanation: Glycolipids and glycoproteins are oriented towards the outer surface of plasma membrane and form glycocalyx and act as receptors.
Correct answer: Towards outside- A. Head of phospholipid molecules
- B. Cholesterol molecules
- C. Tail of phospholipid molecules
- D. Integrins
Explanation: Integrins are receptors present on glycoproteins in the plasma membranes of cells. They are multisubunit transmembrane proteins.
Correct answer: Integrins- A. Calcium storage
- B. Steroid synthesis
- C. Enzyme synthesis
- D. A and b
Explanation: Calcium storage and steroid synthesis is the function of SER, while enzyme synthesis is the function of RER.
Correct answer: A and b- A. Protein synthesis
- B. Mechanical support
- C. Muscle contraction
- D. Detoxification of harmful drugs
Explanation: Role in detoxification of drugs is the function of SER while protein synthesis is the function of RER.
Correct answer: Mechanical support- A. E. coli
- B. C. botulinum
- C. Yeast
- D. T. pallidum
Explanation: E. coli. C. botulinum and T. pallidum are prokaryotic organisms having 30S smaller ribosomal subunit while yeast is eukaryotic organism…
Correct answer: Yeast- A. Mitochondria
- B. Nucleus
- C. Golgi apparatus
- D. Chloroplast
Explanation: Mitochondria and chloroplast have 70 ribosomes while nucleus has subunits of ribosomes synthesized in the darkly stained area, called…
Correct answer: Golgi apparatus- A. DNA replication-Ribosome
- B. Protein synthesis-SER
- C. Anaerobic respiration-Cristae
- D. Modification-Golgi apparatus
Explanation: DNA replication occurs in nucleus, proteins are synthesized by RER and anaerobic respiration occurs in cytoplasm.
Correct answer: Modification-Golgi apparatus- A. Lysosomes
- B. RER
- C. Vacuoles
Explanation: lysosomes are formed through the Golgi complex, depending on the type of cell and its function.
Correct answer: Lysosomes715. The transport of secretory proteins takes place through organelles in which of the following order?
- A. RER-SER-Golgi apparatus -Secretory vesicles
- B. SER-RER -Golgi apparatus-Secretory vesicles
- C. RER-SER-Secretory vesicles-Golgi apparatus
- D. RER-Golgi apparatus-Secretory vesicles-SER
Explanation: Proteins are synthesized on RER, and then they are transported in with the help of SER.
Correct answer: RER-SER-Golgi apparatus -Secretory vesicles- A. Primary lysosomes
- B. Secondary lysosomes
- C. Tertiary lysosomes
- D. None of the above
Explanation: Autophagosomes are secondary lysosomes which are formed by fusion of primary lysosome with autophagic vesicles.
Correct answer: Secondary lysosomes- A. Grave's disease
- B. Addison's disease
- C. Glycogenosis type Il disease
- D. Tay-Sachs disease
Explanation: Storage diseases are due to the absence of lysosomal enzymes. If a lysosomal enzyme responsible for lipid metabolism is absent, it leads…
Correct answer: Tay-Sachs disease- A. Plasma membrane
- B. Endomembrane
- C. Plasmalemma
- D. Tonoplast
Explanation: Vacuole is single membrane bounded organelle. This single membrane around vacuole is known as tonoplast.
Correct answer: Tonoplast- A. Tubulin
- B. Myosin
- C. Actin
- D. Tropomyosin
Explanation: Tubulin is the most abundant protein found in microtubules while myosin, actin and tropomyosin are found in microfilaments.
Correct answer: Tubulin- A. Tubulin
- B. Actin
- C. Myosin
- D. Tropomyosin
Explanation: Actin myosin and tropomyosin are found in microfilaments of muscle cells while tubulin is found in microtubules.
Correct answer: Tubulin