Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 25 of 124
- A. Meiosis
- B. Mitosis
- C. Replication
- D. Cytokinesis alone
Explanation: The somatic cells derived from a single-celled zygote divide primarily by mitosis.
Correct answer: Mitosis- A. Telophase
- B. Prophase
- C. Anaphase
- D. Metaphase
Explanation: The description provided indicates that the replicated chromosomes are aligned along the center (equator) of the cell.
Correct answer: Metaphase- A. Chromatids must lose their kinetochores
- B. Cohesin must attach the sister chromatids to each other
- C. Cohesin must be cleaved enzymatically
- D. Kinetochores must attach to the metaphase plate
Explanation: In order for anaphase to begin, the kinetochores must attach to the metaphase plate.
Correct answer: Kinetochores must attach to the metaphase plate- A. To increase their potential energy
- B. To allow the chromosomes to move without becoming entangled and breaking
- C. To allow the chromosomes to fit within the nuclear envelope
- D. To provide for the structure of the centromere
Explanation: Chromosomes coil during mitosis primarily to facilitate their efficient segregation into daughter cells.
Correct answer: To allow the chromosomes to fit within the nuclear envelope- A. The chromosomes are "reeled in" by the contraction of spindle microtubules
- B. Motor proteins of the kinetochores move the chromosomes along the spindle microtubules
- C. Non-kinetochore spindle fibers serve to push chromosomes in the direction of the poles
- D. Both (A) and (B)
Explanation: During mitosis, motor proteins associated with the kinetochores of chromosomes interact with microtubules of the spindle apparatus.
Correct answer: Both (A) and (B)- A. The presence of the pathogen made the experiment too contaminated to trust the results
- B. Their tissue culture methods needed to be relearned
- C. Infection causes lymphocytes to divide more rapidly
- D. Infection causes cell cultures in general to reproduce more rapidly
- E. Infection causes lymphocyte cultures to skip some parts of the cell cycle
Explanation: Based on the described experiment where lymphocytes incorporated labeled nucleotides at a significantly higher level after a pathogen was…
Correct answer: Infection causes lymphocytes to divide more rapidly- A. Move directly into telophase
- B. Complete the cycle and divide
- C. Exit the cycle and switch to a non-dividing state
- D. Complete cytokinesis and form new cell walls
Explanation: If mammalian cells receive a go-ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint, they will proceed with the cell cycle and divide.
Correct answer: Complete the cycle and divide- A. G0
- B. G2
- C. G1
- D. S
Explanation: Cells that are in a non-dividing state are typically in the G0 phase of the cell cycle.
Correct answer: G0- A. G0
- B. G1
- C. M
- D. G2
Explanation: The shortest part of the cell cycle is typically mitosis itself, which consists of several sub-phases including prophase, metaphase…
Correct answer: M- A. G0
- B. G1
- C. S
- D. G2
Explanation: DNA is replicated during the S phase of the cell cycle. The cell cycle consists of several phases: interphase (G1, S, and G2 phases) and…
Correct answer: S- A. G0
- B. G1
- C. G2
- D. M
Explanation: The restriction point, also known as the G1 checkpoint, is a crucial control point in the cell cycle.
Correct answer: G1- A. G0
- B. G1
- C. S
- D. G2
Explanation: Nerve and muscle cells are typically in the G0 phase of the cell cycle.
Correct answer: G0- A. I
- B. II
- C. III
- D. IV
Explanation: In a typical representation of the cell cycle, mitosis is often represented by the number 4.
Correct answer: IV- A. I
- B. II
- C. III
- D. IV
Explanation: In a typical representation of the cell cycle, DNA synthesis (replication) occurs during the S phase, which is often represented by the…
Correct answer: II- A. I
- B. II
- C. III
- D. IV
Explanation: In a typical representation of the cell cycle, DNA replication (chromosome duplication) occurs during the S phase, which is often…
Correct answer: II- A. Phosphatase
- B. Phosphorylase
- C. Kinase
- D. ATPase
Explanation: An enzyme that attaches a phosphate group to another molecule is called a kinase.
Correct answer: Kinase- A. They do not exhibit density-dependent inhibition when growing in culture
- B. When they stop dividing, they do so at random points in the cell cycle
- C. They are not subject to cell cycle controls
- D. None
Explanation: All statements provided are incorrect regarding cells.
Correct answer: None- A. Cancer cells are no longer density dependent
- B. Cancer cells are no longer anchorage dependent
- C. Chromosomally abnormal cells can still go through cell cycle checkpoints
- D. Transformation introduces new chromosomes into cells
Explanation: Aneuploidy, characterized by an abnormal number of chromosomes, is a common feature of cancer cells.
Correct answer: Chromosomally abnormal cells can still go through cell cycle checkpoints- A. Metastasis
- B. Changes in the order of cell cycle stages
- C. Lack of appropriate cell death
- D. Inability to form spindles
Explanation: In addition to over-proliferation, metastasis is indeed another logical consequence that could result from the development of a tumor.
Correct answer: Metastasis- A. An animal cell in the process of cytokinesis
- B. A plant cell in the process of cytokinesis
- C. An animal cell in the S phase of the cell cycle
- D. A bacterial cell dividing
Explanation: The description provided indicates cytokinesis, the process of dividing the cytoplasm of a cell, typically during telophase of mitosis or…
Correct answer: A plant cell in the process of cytokinesis