Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 20 of 124
- A. Binary fission
- B. Mitosis
- C. Meiosis
- D. Conjugation
Explanation: Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes and reproduce asexually, commonly by binary fission or fragmentation.
Correct answer: Binary fission- A. 100
- B. 200
- C. 300
- D. 400
Explanation: Standard introductory microbiology texts commonly state that about 200 bacterial species are known to cause disease in humans.
Correct answer: 200- A. Diplococci
- B. Octococci
- C. Tetrad
- D. Sarcina
Explanation: A group of eight cocci arranged as a cubical packet is called a sarcina, produced by division in three planes.
Correct answer: Sarcina- A. Vibrio
- B. Spirillum
- C. Spirochete
- D. Coccus
Explanation: Spirilla are rigid, thick-walled, spiral-shaped bacteria and usually move with polar flagella.
Correct answer: Spirillum- A. Coccus
- B. Bacillus
- C. Vibrio
- D. Spirochete
Explanation: Bacillus anthracis was among the earliest bacteria isolated and studied in pure culture, especially through Robert Koch's work on anthrax.
Correct answer: Bacillus- A. Diplobacillus
- B. Sarcina
- C. Egg
- D. None of these
Explanation: A coccobacillus is an intermediate form between a coccus and a bacillus, appearing short, oval, or egg-shaped.
Correct answer: Egg- A. Escherichia coli
- B. Spirochetes
- C. Mycoplasma
- D. Epulopiscuim
Explanation: Some spirochetes are exceptionally long and may reach about 500 μm, despite being very thin spiral cells.
Correct answer: Spirochetes- A. Gram-ive bacteria
- B. Eubacteria
- C. Ancient bacteria
- D. Gram +ive bacteria
Explanation: Ancient bacteria, or archaea, represent a much smaller and more specialized group than the broad group of eubacteria in traditional…
Correct answer: Ancient bacteria- A. 0.1-600 um
- B. 100-200 nm
- C. 1.1-1.5 um (width) 2.0-6.0 um (length)
- D. 0.75-1.25 um
Explanation: E. coli is a short rod approximately 1.1-1.5 μm wide and 2.0-6.0 μm long, so option c gives the appropriate bacterial dimensions with…
Correct answer: 1.1-1.5 um (width) 2.0-6.0 um (length)- A. Cell membrane
- B. Chromatin bodies
- C. Ribosomes
- D. Capsule
Explanation: All bacteria possess a plasma membrane, genetic material in a chromatin-like nucleoid, and ribosomes, but a capsule is present only in…
Correct answer: Capsule- A. Protoctista
- B. Prokaryotae
- C. Archae
- D. None of these
Explanation: Kingdom Monera traditionally includes organisms with prokaryotic cells, so it is also called Prokaryotae in older five-kingdom…
Correct answer: Prokaryotae- A. Prokaryotae
- B. Protoctista
- C. Plantae
- D. Fungi
Explanation: Fungi have cell walls made mainly of chitin, a nitrogen-containing polysaccharide that also occurs in arthropod exoskeletons.
Correct answer: Fungi- A. Autotrophs
- B. Heterotrophs
- C. Pro-cariotique
- D. Eu-cariotique
Explanation: E. Chatton used the term prokaryotic, written in the source as 'pro-cariotique', for bacteria and blue-green algae because their cells…
Correct answer: Pro-cariotique- A. Onion
- B. Amaltas
- C. Potato
- D. Tomato
Explanation: In binomial nomenclature, Solanum is the genus and tuberosum is the species name of the potato, Solanum tuberosum.
Correct answer: Potato- A. Species
- B. Genus
- C. Family
- D. Order
Explanation: Taxonomic groups become more general in the order species, genus, family, order, class, phylum and kingdom.
Correct answer: Order- A. Onion
- B. Amaltas
- C. Potato
- D. Tomato
Explanation: Allium cepa is the binomial scientific name of the onion. The genus Allium includes onions and related plants, whereas potato is Solanum…
Correct answer: Onion- A. They can move
- B. They lack cell wall
- C. They do not have chlorophyll
- D. Both a and b
Explanation: Euglena resembles animals because it can move using a flagellum and lacks a cellulose cell wall, having a flexible pellicle instead.
Correct answer: Both a and b- A. Prokaryotae
- B. Protoctista
- C. Animalia
- D. Fungi
Explanation: Fungi use absorptive nutrition: they secrete digestive enzymes onto their food and absorb the soluble products through their hyphae.
Correct answer: Fungi- A. Carlous Linnaeus
- B. E-Chatton
- C. Robert Whittaker
- D. Lynn Margulis and Karlene Schwartz
Explanation: Robert Whittaker proposed the five-kingdom classification in 1969, separating organisms according to cell type, body organisation and mode…
Correct answer: Robert Whittaker- A. Do not have a cell wall
- B. Are heterotrophic
- C. Lack membrane bounded organelles
- D. Reproduce by binary fission
Explanation: Mycoplasmas are bacteria because they are prokaryotic cells and lack membrane-bound organelles such as a nucleus and mitochondria.
Correct answer: Lack membrane bounded organelles