Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
Last updated
Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 19 of 124
- A. Whittaker
- B. Chatton
- C. Haeckel
- D. Margulis and Schwartz
Explanation: Édouard Chatton introduced the terms prokaryote and eukaryote to distinguish cells without a membrane-bound nucleus from cells with one.
Correct answer: Chatton- A. red
- B. green
- C. purple
- D. pink
Explanation: Gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet-iodine complex because their thick peptidoglycan wall is not decolorized by alcohol, so…
Correct answer: purple- A. cells
- B. tissues
- C. organs
- D. organisms
Explanation: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic are the two major types of cells, distinguished mainly by the presence or absence of a membrane-bound nucleus.
Correct answer: cells- A. prokaryotic
- B. eukaryotic
- C. both
- D. all the above
Explanation: Eukaryotic cells have larger 80S ribosomes, either attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum or free in the cytoplasm.
Correct answer: eukaryotic- A. Purple
- B. Red
- C. Pink
- D. Blue
Explanation: Gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet-iodine complex because their thick peptidoglycan wall is not effectively decolorised, so…
Correct answer: Purple- A. Peptidoglycan
- B. Proteins
- C. Glycoproteins
- D. Polysaccharides
Explanation: Archaeobacterial cell walls lack peptidoglycan, the characteristic polymer of ordinary bacterial cell walls; they may instead contain…
Correct answer: Peptidoglycan- A. Cocci
- B. Bacilli
- C. Mycobacterium
- D. Mycoplasma
Explanation: Mycoplasma lacks a cell wall and is surrounded mainly by a plasma membrane containing sterols, making it naturally resistant to…
Correct answer: Mycoplasma- A. Flagella
- B. Pili
- C. Both of these
- D. None of these
Explanation: Pili, especially short fimbriae, help bacteria attach to host cells and other surfaces by means of specific surface-binding proteins.
Correct answer: Pili- A. Cell membrane
- B. Cell wall
- C. Capsule
- D. Basal body
Explanation: A bacterial flagellum is anchored in the envelope by a basal body, which connects the hook and filament to the cell and acts as part of…
Correct answer: Basal body- A. Lophotrichus
- B. Monotrichous
- C. Peritrichous
- D. Amphitrichous
Explanation: A bacterium with tufts of flagella at both poles is amphitrichous, since “amphi” indicates both ends.
Correct answer: Amphitrichous- A. Cocci
- B. Bacilli
- C. Streptobacilli
- D. Vibrio
Explanation: Cocci are spherical bacteria and are commonly non-motile, so they usually lack flagella, although exceptions exist.
Correct answer: Cocci- A. Necleotide
- B. Plasmid
- C. Mesosome
- D. Ribosome
Explanation: Plasmids are small, usually circular DNA molecules that replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome and may carry genes for…
Correct answer: Plasmid- A. Glycogen
- B. Lactic acid
- C. Ammonia
- D. Urea
Explanation: Many bacteria release organic acids such as lactic acid as metabolic waste products, particularly during fermentation when oxygen is…
Correct answer: Lactic acid- A. Campylobactor
- B. spirocheta
- C. E-coli
- D. Pseudomonas
Explanation: Campylobacter is microaerophilic, meaning it grows best at an oxygen concentration below that of normal air.
Correct answer: Campylobactor- A. Heterotrophic bacteria
- B. Chemosynthetic bacteria
- C. Photosynthetic bacteria
- D. Saprotrophic bacteria
Explanation: Purple non-sulphur bacteria use light energy to make ATP, so they are classified as photosynthetic bacteria, although many obtain organic…
Correct answer: Photosynthetic bacteria- A. Heterotrophic bacteria
- B. Chemosynthetic bacteria
- C. Saprophytic bacteria
- D. Parasitic bacteria
Explanation: Parasitic bacteria obtain nutrients from a living host and depend on that host for at least part of their nutrition.
Correct answer: Parasitic bacteria- A. Hetrotrophic bacteria
- B. Chemosynthetic bacteria
- C. Saprophytic bacteria
- D. Parasitic bacteria
Explanation: Nitrifying bacteria obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic nitrogen compounds such as ammonia or nitrite, so they are chemosynthetic…
Correct answer: Chemosynthetic bacteria- A. Aerobic bacteria
- B. Anaerobic bacteria
- C. Facultative bacteria
- D. Microaerophilic
Explanation: E. coli is a facultative anaerobe because it can respire aerobically when oxygen is available but can also grow without oxygen by…
Correct answer: Facultative bacteria- A. Lag phase
- B. Log phase
- C. Stationary phase
- D. Death / decline phase
Explanation: During the log phase, bacteria divide at a rapid and relatively constant rate, producing exponential population growth.
Correct answer: Log phase- A. Gram +ve.
- B. Gram - ve.
- C. Acid fast
- D. Cellulose rich
Explanation: Cyanobacteria have a Gram-negative-type cell envelope, with a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane.
Correct answer: Gram - ve.