Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 18 of 124
- A. Enzymes
- B. Co-enzymes
- C. Ribosomes
- D. Thylakoids
Explanation: Mitochondria contain respiratory enzymes, coenzymes and their own ribosomes, reflecting their bacterial evolutionary origin.
Correct answer: Thylakoids- A. Nucleolus
- B. Nucleus
- C. DNA
- D. RNA
Explanation: The nucleolus makes ribosomal RNA and combines it with ribosomal proteins to assemble the two ribosomal subunits.
Correct answer: Nucleolus- A. It contains F1 particles
- B. It is involved in the synthesis of protein
- C. It is a self replicating organelle
- D. Number of mitochondria is constant
Explanation: Mitochondria contain F1 particles, possess their own DNA and ribosomes, and can synthesize some proteins and replicate independently.
Correct answer: Number of mitochondria is constant- A. Primary xylem
- B. Secondary xylem
- C. Primary phloem
- D. Secondary phloem
Explanation: Sapwood is the younger, outer part of wood formed by secondary xylem, and it conducts water and minerals from the roots.
Correct answer: Secondary xylem- A. Parenchyma
- B. Companion cell
- C. Tracheid
- D. Sieve element
Explanation: Sieve elements form the conducting tubes through which phloem transports sugars and other organic solutes.
Correct answer: Sieve element346. Cytoskeleton involved in assembly and disassembly of the spindle during mitosis is of_________?
- A. Microtubules
- B. Microfilaments
- C. Intermediate filaments
- D. None of these
Explanation: Microtubules assemble into the mitotic spindle and attach to chromosomes, then disassemble or reorganize to separate the chromosomes into…
Correct answer: Microtubules- A. Endoplasmic reticulum
- B. Golgi complex
- C. Lysosomes
- D. Cell membrane
Explanation: The Golgi complex modifies, sorts and packages proteins and lipids into vesicles for secretion outside the cell or delivery to other cell…
Correct answer: Golgi complex- A. Endocytosis
- B. Exocytosis
- C. Phagocytosis
- D. Pinocytosis
Explanation: Pinocytosis is a type of endocytosis in which the cell membrane takes in extracellular fluid and dissolved substances in small vesicles.
Correct answer: Pinocytosis- A. Golgi
- B. De Duve
- C. Palade
- D. R.Brown
Explanation: George Emil Palade identified ribosomes as dense particles using electron microscopy and helped establish their role in protein synthesis.
Correct answer: Palade- A. 60
- B. 50
- C. 40
- D. 70
Explanation: A granum is a stack of thylakoid membranes in a chloroplast, and many textbook descriptions give an average of about 50 or more thylakoids…
Correct answer: 50- A. Robert Koch
- B. Robert Hooke
- C. Robert Mug Abe
- D. Robert Brown
Explanation: Robert Brown reported the nucleus in plant cells in 1831 after observing it as a distinct structure within the cell.
Correct answer: Robert Brown- A. Chloroplasts
- B. Chromoplasts
- C. Leucoplasts
- D. All of these
Explanation: Plastids are plant-cell organelles classified mainly as chloroplasts, chromoplasts and leucoplasts according to their pigments and…
Correct answer: All of these- A. mitochondria
- B. golgi complex
- C. endoplasmic reticulum
- D. lysosomes
Explanation: Mitochondria contain their own circular DNA and 70S ribosomes, reflecting their evolutionary origin from bacteria.
Correct answer: mitochondria- A. De-Duve
- B. Schwann
- C. August Weismann
- D. Palade
Explanation: George Emil Palade first studied ribosomes using electron microscopy and described them as small cytoplasmic granules in 1955.
Correct answer: Palade- A. Cytoplasm
- B. Cell membrane
- C. Chloroplasts
- D. Vacuole
Explanation: Chlorophyll is the green photosynthetic pigment located in the thylakoid membranes inside chloroplasts.
Correct answer: Chloroplasts- A. 1
- B. 2
- C. 4
- D. 6
Explanation: A typical E. coli cell has one main circular bacterial chromosome, although it may also carry smaller plasmids that are not counted as its…
Correct answer: 1- A. A cellular, eukaryotic organisms
- B. Non-chlorophylls, multicellular eukaiyotlc organisms
- C. Non-chlorophylls, multicellular,thailophytic organisms
- D. both B and C
Explanation: Fungi are non-chlorophyllous, multicellular, eukaryotic organisms and are traditionally described as thallophytic because their bodies are…
Correct answer: both B and C- A. Specific organ
- B. Cell membrane
- C. Cell wall
- D. Nuclear membrane
Explanation: A unicellular organism has no specialised respiratory organ, so gases diffuse directly across its cell membrane.
Correct answer: Cell membrane- A. Cell membrane
- B. Nucleus
- C. Cytoplasm
- D. None of these
Explanation: Prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound, true nucleus; their DNA lies in a nucleoid region of the cytoplasm.
Correct answer: Nucleus- A. bacteria in the human colon
- B. tapeworm in the cow intestine
- C. bacteria passing through the placenta
- D. protozoans found within termites
Explanation: Bacteria in the colon and protozoans in termites can have mutually beneficial associations, while a tapeworm lives as a parasite in the…
Correct answer: bacteria passing through the placenta