Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 15 of 124
- A. Karyokinesis
- B. Cytokinesis
- C. Anaphase
- D. Meiosis
Explanation: Karyokinesis is the division of the nucleus, during which duplicated chromosomes are separated into daughter nuclei.
Correct answer: Karyokinesis- A. Hay fever
- B. Scurvy
- C. Parkinson Disease
- D. Downs syndrome
Explanation: A zygote with three copies of chromosome 21 has trisomy 21, which causes Down syndrome and is associated with characteristic developmental…
Correct answer: Downs syndrome- A. 15 to 19
- B. 20 to 34
- C. 35 to 39
- D. 40 to 45
Explanation: The risk of nondisjunction and therefore trisomy 21 rises markedly with maternal age, with the highest risk among the listed groups at 40…
Correct answer: 40 to 45- A. spores
- B. gametes
- C. both a & b
- D. all the above
Explanation: In animals, meiosis occurs in reproductive organs and produces haploid gametes, such as sperm or ova, from diploid precursor cells.
Correct answer: gametes- A. meiosis
- B. mitosis
- C. both a & b
- D. none of these
Explanation: Mitosis involves one nuclear division and produces two genetically similar daughter cells with the same chromosome number as the parent…
Correct answer: mitosis- A. meiosis
- B. mitosis
- C. cell division
- D. none of these
Explanation: Meiosis has two successive divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II, and therefore produces four haploid daughter cells from one starting cell.
Correct answer: meiosis- A. 48
- B. 44
- C. 46
- D. 26
Explanation: A normal human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs, including 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes.
Correct answer: 46- A. Muscle cell of worm
- B. Uterine cells of dog
- C. Sperm cells of frog
- D. Guard cells of leaf
Explanation: A sperm cell is haploid, so it contains one chromosome from each homologous pair rather than genes in pairs.
Correct answer: Sperm cells of frog- A. G1 phase
- B. S phase
- C. G2 phase
- D. M phase
Explanation: The G2 phase directly precedes the M phase in the cell cycle and allows the cell to prepare for mitosis after DNA replication has occurred…
Correct answer: G2 phase- A. Klinefelters syndrome
- B. Turners syndrome
- C. Downs syndrome
- D. All of these
Explanation: Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate during meiosis, producing gametes with abnormal…
Correct answer: All of these- A. Diakinesis diplotene pachytene leptotene zygotene
- B. Zygotene leptotene pachytene diplotene diakinesis
- C. Leptotene zygotene pachytene diplotene diakinesis
- D. Pachytene leptotene diplotene zygotene diakinesis
Explanation: The five substages of prophase I occur in the order leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene and diakinesis.
Correct answer: Leptotene zygotene pachytene diplotene diakinesis- A. 23
- B. 46
- C. 0
- D. 4
Explanation: A tetrad is formed during prophase I of meiosis when homologous chromosomes pair, with each homolog consisting of two chromatids.
Correct answer: 0- A. The centromere
- B. Nuceleosome
- C. Telomere
- D. Histone
Explanation: A nucleosome is the basic structural unit of chromatin, formed when DNA winds around a core of histone proteins, helping package DNA into…
Correct answer: Nuceleosome- A. Down's syndrome
- B. Klinifelter's syndrome
- C. Turner's syndrome
- D. Jacob's syndrome
Explanation: Down syndrome is usually caused by trisomy 21, meaning there are three copies of autosomal chromosome 21.
Correct answer: Down's syndrome- A. Chromatin
- B. Kinetochore
- C. Chromatid
- D. Centromere
Explanation: After DNA replication, each chromosome consists of two identical sister chromatids joined at the centromere until they separate during…
Correct answer: Chromatid- A. Karyokinesis
- B. Cytokinesis
- C. Interphase
- D. Both a & b
Explanation: Mitosis is commonly considered to include karyokinesis, the division of the nucleus, followed by cytokinesis, the division of the…
Correct answer: Both a & b- A. Chromatid
- B. Centromere
- C. Kinetochore
- D. Arms
Explanation: After DNA replication, each identical copy of a chromosome is called a sister chromatid, and the two chromatids remain joined at the…
Correct answer: Chromatid- A. Chondriosomes
- B. Condriome
- C. Energysome
- D. Mitosome
Explanation: Mitochondria were historically called chondriosomes because they appear as thread-like or granular bodies in the cytoplasm.
Correct answer: Chondriosomes- A. Molecule
- B. Subatomic particles
- C. Atoms
- D. Organelles
Explanation: Organelles are specialized structures within a cell, and their arrangement allows different cellular tasks to be performed by different…
Correct answer: Organelles- A. Cell wall
- B. Cytoplasm
- C. Centriole
- D. Nucleus
Explanation: Fungi resemble plants in having a rigid cell wall, but both fungi and typical higher plants lack centrioles, which is the feature targeted…
Correct answer: Centriole