Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 108 of 124
- A. Cell membrane
- B. Matrix
- C. Thylakoid
- D. Stroma
Explanation: In the chloroplast, chlorophyll molecules are arranged in groups called photosystems.
Correct answer: Thylakoid- A. DNA replication-Ribosome
- B. Protein synthesis-Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
- C. Anaerobic respiration-Cristae
- D. Modification-Golgi apparatus
Explanation: The correct answer is Modification-Golgi apparatus because the Golgi apparatus is essential for processing and modifying proteins and…
Correct answer: Modification-Golgi apparatus- A. Lysosomes
- B. RER
- C. Vacuoles
- D. None of these
Explanation: lysosomes are formed through the Golgi complex, depending on the type of cell and its function.
Correct answer: Lysosomes- A. A membrane-bound nucleus
- B. Presence of ribosomes
- C. A cell wall made up of cellulose
- D. Linear genome
Explanation: Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells share the presence of ribosomes, which are crucial for protein synthesis.
Correct answer: Presence of ribosomes- A. Golgi apparatus
- B. Endoplasmic Reticulum
- C. Lysosomes
- D. Peroxisomes
Explanation: The correct answer is B) Endoplasmic Reticulum. The outer membrane of the nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum…
Correct answer: Endoplasmic Reticulum- A. RNA and protein
- B. RNA and lipids
- C. RNA and carbohydrates
- D. Proteins and carbohydrates
Explanation: Ribosomes are complex molecular machines found within all living cells that perform biological protein synthesis (translation).
Correct answer: RNA and protein- A. 250 um
- B. 50 um
- C. 750 mm
- D. 500 um
Explanation: To calculate the total magnification of an object observed under a microscope, you need to multiply the magnification of the eyepiece…
Correct answer: 750 mm- A. Nucleus
- B. Mitochondrion
- C. Endoplasmic Reticulum
- D. Plastids
- E. Cytoskeleton
Explanation: The correct answer is the mitochondrion, as it is the site where aerobic respiration takes place, producing ATP through the citric acid…
Correct answer: Mitochondrion- A. Stomach and Liver
- B. Muscle and Stomach
- C. Heart and Liver
- D. Liver and Muscle
- E. Heart and Muscle
Explanation: The correct answer is Heart and Muscle. Both the heart and muscle tissues require a significant amount of energy due to their continuous…
Correct answer: Heart and Muscle- A. Enzymes
- B. Coenzymes
- C. Ribosomes
- D. Thylakoid
Explanation: Thylakoids are specific to chloroplasts, where they facilitate photosynthesis by housing the chlorophyll and other components necessary…
Correct answer: Thylakoid- A. Oxidative phosphorylation
- B. Liver cells
- C. To maintain calcium ions
- D. All of these
Explanation: Mitochondria help in all of the given functions and are, therefore, very important organelles.
Correct answer: All of these- A. It contains protein molecules embedded in lipid bilayer
- B. It is a differentially permeable membrane
- C. It contains charged pores thus ions being charged particles across cell membrane much easier than neutral particles
- D. it may get infolded to engulf solid or liquid material
Explanation: The substances which are lipid soluble cross it more easily than others, therefore, it regulates the low of materials and ions to maintain…
Correct answer: It contains charged pores thus ions being charged particles across cell membrane much easier than neutral particles- A. Their physical properties like size & weight
- B. Their physical properties like density
- C. Their electrical properties like their charges
- D. Both a and b
Explanation: Cell fractionation involves two steps: homogenisation (cells are broken apart in a blender) and centrifugation (cell components are spun…
Correct answer: Both a and b- A. Grana
- B. Stroma
- C. Thylakoid
- D. lntergrana
Explanation: Stroma is the fluid-filled space surrounding the grana inside a chloroplast.
Correct answer: Stroma- A. Ribosomes
- B. Cell membrane
- C. Cytoplasm
- D. Cell Wall
Explanation: The correct answer is the Cell Wall. The cell wall is a rigid layer that provides structural support and protection to plant cells and is…
Correct answer: Cell Wall- A. Integral proteins of the plasma membrane
- B. Proteins that bind to ion channels in the plasma membrane
- C. Proteins that attach to lipids of the plasma membrane using specific anchors
- D. Proteins that randomly associate with the plasma membrane
Explanation: Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins are peripheral membrane proteins that are connected to the cell membrane through a…
Correct answer: Proteins that attach to lipids of the plasma membrane using specific anchors- A. Mitochondria and Ribosomes
- B. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
- C. Mitochondria and Vacuoles
- D. Mitochondria and Lysosomes
Explanation: The correct answer is Option B: Mitochondria and Chloroplasts. These organelles are unique because they contain their own DNA and can…
Correct answer: Mitochondria and Chloroplasts- A. They are lipid vesicles with their polar heads of phospholipids on the inner and hydrophobic tails on the outer side
- B. They are bilayered spherical bodies
- C. They can easily cross the lipid bilayer
- D. They can be used in drug delivery systems
Explanation: Liposomes are microscopic vesicles composed of lipid bilayers. They are characterized by having polar (hydrophilic) heads facing outward…
Correct answer: They are lipid vesicles with their polar heads of phospholipids on the inner and hydrophobic tails on the outer side- A. Ribosomes
- B. Lysosomes
- C. Mitochondria
- D. Nucleolus
Explanation: Mitochondria are one of the organelles that are bound by two membranes.
Correct answer: Mitochondria- A. Ribosome
- B. Mitochondria
- C. Nucleus
- D. Centriole
Explanation: The classic role of mitochondria is oxidative phosphorylation, which generates ATP by utilizing the energy released during the oxidation…
Correct answer: Mitochondria