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Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers

2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.

Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.

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Animal and Plant CellProkaryotic and Eukaryotic CellsCytoplasmic OrganellesChromosomes
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2,478 questions · page 106 of 124

2101. Nucleosome is a structural unit of a eukaryotic chromosome that consists of:

  • A. An octamer of histone proteins
  • B. A length of RNA coiled around a core of histones
  • C. A length of DNA coiled around a core of histones
  • D. Two polypeptide strands connected by histone protein

Explanation: A nucleosome is the fundamental unit of chromatin structure in eukaryotic cells.

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Correct answer: A length of DNA coiled around a core of histones

2102. The characteristic feature that does NOT occur during amitosis is:

  • A. DNA duplication
  • B. Spindle fiber formation
  • C. Cytoplasmic division
  • D. Daughter cells production

Explanation: B is the correct option Because, amitosis is a type of direct cell division in which the nucleus divides without the formation of spindle…

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Correct answer: Spindle fiber formation

2103. A cell has 30 chromosomes in G2 phase (sub-phase of interphase) of the cell cycle. What would be the total number of sister chromatids in prophase-I of the same cell?

  • A. 15
  • B. 30
  • C. 60
  • D. 90

Explanation: Number of chromosomes in G₂ = 30Each chromosome = 2 sister chromatidsSo, total sister chromatids =30 × 2 = 60.So, C is the correct option.

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Correct answer: 60

2104. The given graph shows the amount of DNA in a cell during a cell cycle.The stage X is identified as:

  • A. Prophase
  • B. Anaphase
  • C. Interphase
  • D. Metaphase

Explanation: X represents interphase. In the S phase of interphase DNA replicates and increases.

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Correct answer: Interphase

2105. Meiotic division results in the formation of four daughter cells. Each daughter cell contains:

  • A. Diploid number of duplicated chromosomes
  • B. Haploid number of duplicated chromosomes
  • C. Diploid number of unduplicated chromosomes
  • D. Haploid number of unduplicated chromosomes

Explanation: Meiotic division, also known as meiosis, is the process by which a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the…

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Correct answer: Haploid number of unduplicated chromosomes

2106. The sub-phase of prophase-I in which synapsis begins between homologous chromosomes is:

  • A. Leptotene
  • B. Zygotene
  • C. Diplotene
  • D. Pachytene

Explanation: Zygotene is the sub-phase of Prophase-I where synapsis begins, homologous chromosomes start pairing to form bivalents.Option B is the…

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Correct answer: Zygotene

2107. The genetic disorder that can NOT be diagnosed by using a chromosomal karyotype is

  • A. Down syndrome (mongolism)
  • B. Phenylketonuria (PKU)
  • C. Turner's syndrome
  • D. Klinefelter's syndrome

Explanation: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder that results from a mutation in a specific gene responsible for metabolizing the amino acid…

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Correct answer: Phenylketonuria (PKU)

2108. In sexually reproducing organisms, the MAIN purpose of formation of haploid gametes by meiosis is to:

  • A. Increase the chances of mutation
  • B. Increase the growth rate of organisms
  • C. Replace the worn-out cells by producing identical cells
  • D. Maintain the diploid number of chromosomes in zygote

Explanation: The main purpose of meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms is to produce haploid gametes.

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Correct answer: Maintain the diploid number of chromosomes in zygote

2109. In the given diagram of cell cycle, the sub-phase of interphase in which DNA replication occurs is labelled as:

  • A. Option A
  • B. Option B
  • C. Option C
  • D. Option D

Explanation: B represents S phase during which DNA replicates.So option B is correct option.

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Correct answer: Option B

2110. The given diagram shows mitotic cell division in a potato cell. The number of DNA molecules in the nucleus of the parent and daughter cells is:

  • A. Option A
  • B. Option B
  • C. Option C
  • D. Option D

Explanation: Parent cell has 48 chromosomes and number of chromosomes don't change in mitosis. So daughter cell will also have 48 chromosomes.

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Correct answer: Option B

2111. A genome is a full set of genes in an

  • A. Individual
  • B. Population
  • C. Community
  • D. Biosphere

Explanation: A genome is a full set of genes of an individual.

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Correct answer: Individual

2112. Shorter than average height, infertility, webbed neck, low hair line at the back of neck, abnormal bone development, larger than normal number of moles on skin and edema indicates

  • A. Down's syndrome
  • B. Klinefelter syndrome
  • C. Turner's syndrome
  • D. Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Explanation: Turner's syndrome involves short stature, infertility, webbed neck, low hairline at the back of the neck (pterygium colli), and may…

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Correct answer: Turner's syndrome

2113. A female having 44+XO chromosome, webbed neck and large number of moles is syndrome suffering from

  • A. Turner's syndrome
  • B. Down's syndrome
  • C. Klinefelter syndrome
  • D. Sickle cell anaemia

Explanation: This description accurately fits Turner syndrome, as indicated by the karyotype 44+XO, which signifies the absence of one X chromosome.

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Correct answer: Turner's syndrome

2114. Gene for blue opsin is present on which chromosome?

  • A. 6
  • B. 8
  • C. 21
  • D. 7

Explanation: d) 7: This option is correct. The gene for the blue opsin is located on chromosome 7 in humans.

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Correct answer: 7

2115. 2n= 16 in a primary spermatocyte, which is in the metaphase of first meiotic division. What shall be the total number of chromatids in each of the secondary spermatocytes?

  • A. 16
  • B. 8
  • C. 32
  • D. 24

Explanation: Spermatogonium (2n) divides by mitosis and we get primary spermatocyte (2n) and by meiosis from one primary spermatocyte (2n), we get two…

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Correct answer: 16

2116. The nucleus takes dyes due to the presence of:

  • A. Chromatin
  • B. Lipid
  • C. Metal ions
  • D. Thylakoids

Explanation: This option is correct. Chromatin is composed of DNA and proteins, and it is present in the nucleus.

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Correct answer: Chromatin

2117. The cis face of the Golgi apparatus receives materials from the endoplasmic reticulum throughtransport vesicles; therefore, it is located nearest to the

  • A. Plasma membrane
  • B. Nuclear membrane
  • C. Vacuolar membrane
  • D. Mitochondrial membrane

Explanation: The cis face of the Golgi apparatus is the side that receives transport vesicles containing proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum.

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Correct answer: Nuclear membrane

2118. Which of the following options is CORRECT about Chromoplast?

  • A. Membrane-bounded, Contains Pigment, Not found in Plants
  • B. Not Membrane-bounded, Contains Pigment, Found in Plants
  • C. Membrane-bounded, Contains Pigment, Found in Plants
  • D. Membrane-bounded, No Pigment, Found in Plants

Explanation: Chromoplasts are a type of plastid found in plant cells. They are membrane-bounded organelles that contain pigments, which give colour to…

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Correct answer: Membrane-bounded, Contains Pigment, Found in Plants

2119. The cell organelle that contains all the necessary enzymes to catalyse the formation ofpolypeptides by amino acids is

  • A. Ribosome
  • B. Lysosome
  • C. Centrosome
  • D. Peroxisome.

Explanation: The correct answer is Option A: ribosome. Ribosomes are responsible for synthesizing proteins by linking amino acids into polypeptide…

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Correct answer: Ribosome

2120. In the process of centrifugation, the cell extract is subjected to centrifugal force which causesthe separation of extract into two fractions: a pellet and a supernatant.The option that identifies the materials in the pellet and supernatant is

  • A. Pellet: Nuclei, Supernatant: Dissolved ions
  • B. Pellet: Dissolved ions, Supernatant: Dissolved ions
  • C. Pellet: Nuclei, Supernatant: Nuclei
  • D. Pellet: Dissolved ions, Supernatant: Nuclei

Explanation: During centrifugation, heavier and more dense components like Nuclei are forced to the bottom of the tube to form a Pellet.

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Correct answer: Pellet: Nuclei, Supernatant: Dissolved ions
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