Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 101 of 124
- A. Linear DNA without histones
- B. Circular DNA without histones
- C. Linear DNA with histones
- D. Circular DNA with histones
Explanation: The genetic material of prokaryotes is circular and single-stranded DNA. It has no association with histones.
Correct answer: Circular DNA without histones- A. Redundant genes
- B. Regulatory genes
- C. Polymorphic genes
- D. Operator genes
Explanation: Operator genes are a region of DNA sequence capable of interacting with a specific repressor molecule, and in doing so, they affect the…
Correct answer: Operator genes- A. Cistron
- B. Transposons
- C. Exons
- D. Introns
Explanation: DNA elements that can switch their position are called transposons. Transposons are mobile DNA sequences that can move from one location…
Correct answer: Transposons- A. rRNA
- B. RNA
- C. mRNA
- D. tRNA
Explanation: Transfer RNA or tRNA helps in the transfer of amino acids to the ribosomes, mRNA complex to form the polypeptide chain.
Correct answer: tRNA- A. The lac operon is induce
- B. E.coli cells stop dividing
- C. The lac operon is repressed
- D. All operons are induced
Explanation: When E.coli bacteria are transferred to a medium containing lactose, the lac operon is induced.
Correct answer: The lac operon is induce- A. Depressor
- B. Controlling element
- C. Regulator
- D. Inducer
Explanation: An environmental agent that triggers transcription from an operon is an inducer.
Correct answer: Inducer- A. CAT GAT GATG
- B. A nonsense mutation
- C. ATG ATG ATG
- D. CA TGA TGA TG
Explanation: A nonsense mutation is a mutation which interconverts a nonsense codon to or from a sense-coding triplet, resulting in an abnormally…
Correct answer: CAT GAT GATG- A. Exons
- B. Cistrons
- C. Introns
- D. Operons
Explanation: Split genes are those genes that consist of a continuous sequence of nucleotides (coding sequences) interrupted by intervening sequences.
Correct answer: Exons- A. 'I' gene
- B. Promoter gene
- C. β-galactosidase
- D. Lactose
Explanation: The lac operon in E. coli is induced by β-galactosidase, an enzyme meant for the hydrolysis of lactose in glucose and galactose.
Correct answer: β-galactosidase- A. Termination
- B. Initiation
- C. Elongation
- D. Transcription
Explanation: Transcription is the mechanism of copying the message of DNA into RNA with the help of the enzyme RNA polymerase.
Correct answer: Transcription- A. H 1, H 2 A, H 2 B and H 3
- B. H 1, H 2 A, H 2 B, H 4
- C. H 1, H 2 A, H 2 B, H 3 and H 4
- D. H 2 A, H 2 B, H 3 and H 4
Explanation: The Nucleosome core or histone octamer is made up of two subunits, each of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Correct answer: H 2 A, H 2 B, H 3 and H 4- A. Overlapping
- B. Wobbling
- C. Degenerate
- D. Generate
Explanation: Certain amino acids are identified by more than one codon. Some amino acids are encoded by up to four codons, and amino acids, arginine…
Correct answer: Degenerate- A. Ribosome synthesis
- B. Protein synthesis
- C. DNA synthesis
- D. RNA synthesis
Explanation: The process of translation is protein synthesis. Emil Fischer, a German chemist, established that proteins are polymers of amino acids.
Correct answer: Protein synthesis- A. Single stranded
- B. Double stranded
- C. Triple stranded
- D. Four stranded
Explanation: A DNA with unequal nitrogen bases would most probably be single-stranded.
Correct answer: Single stranded- A. X-ray crystallography
- B. Electron microscope
- C. Ultracentrifuge
- D. Light microscope
Explanation: Nucleotide arrangement in DNA can be seen by Xray crystallography. Watson and Crick, in 1953, proposed the double-helical model for DNA.
Correct answer: X-ray crystallography- A. Escherichia coli
- B. Neurospora crassa
- C. Pneumococcus
- D. Drosophila melanogaster
Explanation: The experimental material in the study of DNA replication has been Escherichia coli. E.
Correct answer: Escherichia coli- A. Transversion
- B. Transcription
- C. Translation
- D. Translocation
Explanation: The process in living cells in which the genetic information of DNA is transferred to a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) is the first step…
Correct answer: Transcription- A. Endosome
- B. Nucleosome
- C. Mesosome
- D. Centrosome
Explanation: An octamer of 4 histones complexed with DNA forms a nucleosome. The association of histones with DNA is very characteristic.
Correct answer: Nucleosome2019. DNA molecule is a:
- A. Monomer
- B. Dual polymer
- C. Single polymer
- D. Non-polymer
Explanation: DNA is a polymer made from four different monomers, called nucleotides.
Correct answer: Dual polymer- A. 240 million
- B. 150 million
- C. 140 million
- D. 160 million
Explanation: A typical human chromosome contains 1.4x108 nucleotides in its DNA. The amount of information one chromosome contains would fill about 280…
Correct answer: 140 million