Some pens are red. All red things are visible. Which conclusion follows?
Correct answer: A. Some pens are visible
- A. Some pens are visible
- B. All pens are visible
- C. No pen is visible
- D. All visible things are pens
Explanation
The red pens must be visible, which establishes that some pens are visible, but the pens that are not red remain unaccounted for. A some premise can only support a some conclusion. Reversing the second premise is invalid, as always.
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About Logical Deductions
Logical deductions require conclusions to be drawn from stated facts, conditions and relationships without adding outside information. The work includes handling all, some and none statements, necessary and sufficient conditions, ordering restrictions, true or false conclusions, and the difference between what must be true and what could be true.
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