Unless you submit the form, your application will be rejected. Your application was not rejected. Which conclusion follows?
Correct answer: A. You submitted the form
- A. You submitted the form
- B. You did not submit the form
- C. The form was lost
- D. Nothing follows
Explanation
Unless means if not, so the statement says that not submitting leads to rejection, and since rejection did not occur, the form must have been submitted. Rewriting unless sentences as if not is the reliable way to handle them. This is modus tollens applied to the rewritten conditional.
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About Logical Deductions
Logical deductions require conclusions to be drawn from stated facts, conditions and relationships without adding outside information. The work includes handling all, some and none statements, necessary and sufficient conditions, ordering restrictions, true or false conclusions, and the difference between what must be true and what could be true.
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