Statements: All doctors are graduates. No graduate is illiterate. Which conclusion follows?
Correct answer: B. No doctor is illiterate
- A. Some doctors are illiterate
- B. No doctor is illiterate
- C. All graduates are doctors
- D. Some graduates are illiterate
Explanation
Doctors lie wholly within graduates, and graduates are wholly excluded from the illiterate group, so doctors are excluded too. The third option reverses the first premise, which is invalid, and the fourth contradicts the second premise outright. Chaining an all statement with a no statement always yields a no conclusion.
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About Logical Deductions
Logical deductions require conclusions to be drawn from stated facts, conditions and relationships without adding outside information. The work includes handling all, some and none statements, necessary and sufficient conditions, ordering restrictions, true or false conclusions, and the difference between what must be true and what could be true.
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