Free Social Change and Development MCQs with Answers
175 Social Change and Development MCQs from Sociology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
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175 questions · page 4 of 18
31. Great civilizations of world developed in________________?
- A. Mountainous Areas
- B. Great deserts
- C. Lowlands of great river basins
- D. None of these
Explanation: Early civilizations commonly developed in the fertile lowlands of major river basins, including the Nile, Tigris-Euphrates, Indus and Huang He. Rivers supplied water, fertile soil and transport for settled agriculture.
Correct answer: Lowlands of great river basins32. The Bretton Woods institutions are_______________?
- A. The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank
- B. The World Trade Organization and the World Bank
- C. The international Monetary Fund and the World Health Organization
- D. The United Nations and the World Trade Organization
Explanation: The Bretton Woods system created the IMF and the World Bank after the Second World War to support international monetary stability and reconstruction. The WTO was established later, in 1995.
Correct answer: The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank33. The sequence of Rostow,s stages of economic growth are____________?
- A. traditional take-off drive to maturity high mass consumption
- B. traditional drive to maturity high mass consumption take-off
- C. traditional state intervention high mass consumption take-off
- D. traditional dependency modernization take-off
Explanation: Rostow’s sequence moves from traditional society to take-off, then the drive to maturity and finally high mass consumption. The full model also includes an intermediate stage of preconditions for take-off, which is omitted from the options.
Correct answer: traditional take-off drive to maturity high mass consumption34. Which of these does not include income earned by individuals or corporations outside a country ?
- A. Gross National Product
- B. Gross Domestic Product
- C. Purchasing Power Parity
- D. Gross National Income
Explanation: GDP measures production within a country’s borders, regardless of who owns the producing business, so it excludes income earned abroad. GNP and GNI include residents’ or nationals’ income from outside the country.
Correct answer: Gross Domestic Product35. In demographic terms what is the main argument associated with Malthusianism ?
- A. population growth creates the conditions for the spread of disease
- B. all countries must pass through the demographic transition
- C. population growth tends to outstrip food production
- D. birth control is irrelevant for the control of population growth
Explanation: Malthus argued that population tends to grow faster than food production, creating pressure through famine, disease and poverty. This is the central population-versus-resources claim of Malthusianism.
Correct answer: population growth tends to outstrip food production36. What is the main role of the International Monetary Fund ?
- A. to reduce levels of global inequality
- B. to generate economic activity in the developing countries
- C. to maintain stability in the world financial system
- D. to provide funds for education programmed across the world
Explanation: The IMF’s primary role is to promote international monetary and financial stability, including assistance to countries facing balance-of-payments crises. Reducing inequality or funding global education is not its main mandate.
Correct answer: to maintain stability in the world financial system37. What proportion of malnourished children under the age of five in the world,s low-and middle-income countries live in countries that actually produce a food surplus ?
- A. less than 10%
- B. around 25%
- C. around 50%
- D. more than 75%
Explanation: More than three-quarters of malnourished children in low- and middle-income countries live in countries that produce a food surplus, showing that hunger is also an issue of distribution and access. Food availability alone therefore does not guarantee food security.
Correct answer: more than 75%38. What percentage of the global population lives in What the World Bank describes as high-income countries ?
- A. 50%
- B. 22%
- C. 35%
- D. 15%
Explanation: At the time this statistic was commonly reported, roughly 15 percent of the world’s population lived in World Bank high-income countries. The remaining population lived mainly in low- and middle-income economies.
Correct answer: 15%39. Which of the following is NOT an INGO ?
- A. Greenpeace
- B. international Telegraph Union
- C. Amnesty International
- D. The Red Cross
Explanation: The International Telegraph Union, now the International Telecommunication Union, is an intergovernmental organization linked to the UN rather than an independent NGO. Greenpeace, Amnesty International and the Red Cross operate as international non-governmental organizations.
Correct answer: international Telegraph Union40. Which of the following positions is NOT associated with the hyper globalizers ?
- A. citizens lose faith in existing systems of governance
- B. globalization needs to happen much more quickly
- C. individual countries no longer control their own economies
- D. regional institutions are becoming as powerful as nation-statesTry Prep Courses
Explanation: Hyperglobalizers argue that globalization is weakening national economic control and that regional or global institutions are gaining power. Saying that globalization merely needs to happen more quickly is not a standard position of the perspective.
Correct answer: globalization needs to happen much more quickly