All Free Physiology MCQs with Answers

• A. Calcium oxalate
• B. Heparin solution
• C. Sodium fluoride
• D. Acid citrate dextrose solution

Explanation: Acid citrate dextrose binds calcium and contains dextrose to help preserve stored red cells, making it suitable for blood-bank storage.

• A. Vitamin B
• B. Prothrombin
• C. Calcium
• D. Vitamin K

Explanation: Calcium and prothrombin are directly involved in coagulation, while vitamin K is needed to synthesize several clotting factors.

• A. XI
• B. XII
• C. IX
• D. X

Explanation: Factor XII initiates the contact pathway in laboratory testing but is not essential for normal hemostasis in vivo, because…

• A. 7 days
• B. 20 days
• C. 60 days
• D. 90 days

Explanation: Albumin has a relatively long plasma half-life of about 20 days, which helps maintain oncotic pressure over prolonged periods.

• A. Brain
• B. Spleen
• C. Lymph nodes
• D. Thymus gland

Explanation: The spleen, lymph nodes and thymus are major lymphoid organs containing abundant lymphocytes.

• A. Plasmin
• B. Fibrin
• C. Hyaluronidase
• D. Coagulase

Explanation: Plasmin is the fibrinolytic enzyme that digests fibrin and dissolves an established clot.

• A. alpha 1 globulin
• B. alpha 2 globulin
• C. beta 1 globulin
• D. beta 2 globulin

Explanation: Ceruloplasmin is a copper-carrying plasma protein found mainly in the alpha-2 globulin fraction during protein electrophoresis.

• A. Monocytes
• B. Megakaryoblast
• C. Megakaryocyte
• D. Liver

Explanation: Thrombopoietin is produced predominantly by the liver, with smaller contributions from the kidneys and bone marrow.

• A. Neutrophilic leukocytes
• B. Large granular lymphocytes
• C. Small lymphocytes
• D. Killer cells

Explanation: Neutrophils are the main phagocytic leukocytes involved in engulfing and killing bacteria during acute inflammation.

• A. Detection of clot retraction
• B. For evaluation in a patient taking anticoagulant drugs
• C. In hemophilia
• D. Platelet count

Explanation: Prothrombin time assesses the extrinsic and common coagulation pathways and is routinely used to monitor warfarin and other vitamin K…

• A. 7.0
• B. 7.2
• C. 7.6
• D. 7.35 to 7.4

Explanation: Arterial blood is maintained within a narrow alkaline range, normally about pH 7.35 to 7.45.

• A. Plasmin
• B. Thrombin
• C. Calcium
• D. Fibrin

Explanation: Plasmin breaks down fibrin and therefore promotes fibrinolysis rather than coagulation.

• A. Anemia
• B. Eosinophilia
• C. Vitamin deficiency
• D. Spherocytosis

Explanation: A differential leukocyte count measures the relative proportions of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils…

• A. BT
• B. PT
• C. PTT
• D. CRT

Explanation: Hemophilia causes deficiency of intrinsic-pathway factors, especially VIII or IX, which prolongs the activated partial thromboplastin…

• A. Takes large quantities of aspirin
• B. Takes coumarin derivatives
• C. Lacks factor VIII
• D. Has liver disease

Explanation: Large doses of aspirin impair platelet cyclooxygenase and thromboxane A2 formation, reducing platelet aggregation and prolonging bleeding…

• A. Catalase
• B. Lactoferrin
• C. Myeloperoxidase
• D. Nucleosidase

Explanation: Secondary, or specific, neutrophil granules contain lactoferrin, which binds iron and helps restrict bacterial growth.

• A. RBC
• B. Plasma
• C. Reticule endothelial system
• D. All

Explanation: Iron is stored mainly as ferritin and hemosiderin in macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system, particularly in the liver, spleen, and…

• A. Duffy
• B. Lutheran
• C. Rhesus
• D. Landsteiner

Explanation: The A and B antigens of the ABO system are historically associated with Landsteiner’s classification and are therefore called Landsteiner…

• A. A low PO2 in arterial blood
• B. Increased incidence of heart murmurs
• C. Pallor of mucous membranes
• D. Compensatory increase in cardiac output

Explanation: Anemia lowers the oxygen content of blood because hemoglobin is reduced, but dissolved oxygen and arterial PO2 are usually normal.

• A. Immune response
• B. Liberation of histamine
• C. Phagocytosis
• D. Destruction of old erythrocytes

Explanation: Neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages all ingest and destroy microbes or cellular debris by phagocytosis.