All Free Physiology MCQs with Answers

• A. None
• B. Hyperparathyrodism
• C. Rickets
• D. Tetany

Explanation: Calcium ions are required at several steps of the coagulation cascade, so severe hypocalcaemia can impair coagulation.

• A. Lack of vitamin K
• B. Decreased level of prothrombin
• C. Platelet deficiency
• D. Lack of vitamin B

Explanation: Damaged liver cannot adequately synthesize prothrombin and other clotting factors, making reduced prothrombin a major cause of bleeding.

• A. Toxic transport
• B. Drug transport
• C. Oncotic pressure
• D. Coagulation

Explanation: Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein and provides most of the plasma colloid osmotic pressure, helping retain water within the…

• A. production of lymphokines and delayed hypersensitivity
• B. Production of Antibodies
• C. Activation of complement system
• D. Immediate Hypersensitivity

Explanation: T lymphocytes coordinate cellular immunity by releasing lymphokines and mediate delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions.

• A. EDTA
• B. Potassium oxalate+ sodium fluoride
• C. Heparin
• D. Potassium oxalate

Explanation: Sodium fluoride inhibits glycolysis and potassium oxalate prevents clotting, together preserving the blood glucose concentration during…

• A. Irregular renewal
• B. Infrequent renewal
• C. Regular renewal
• D. None of the above

Explanation: Blood cells have continuous, regulated production because mature cells have limited lifespans and must be replaced regularly.

• A. Yolk sac
• B. Long bones
• C. Liver
• D. Flat bones

Explanation: By about 20 years of age, active red-cell production is concentrated mainly in the axial skeleton, particularly the flat bones such as the…

• A. HbA
• B. HbH
• C. HbM
• D. HbS

Explanation: HbA, composed of two alpha and two beta chains, is the predominant normal haemoglobin in healthy adults.

• A. Nervous tissue
• B. Connective tissue
• C. Epithelial tissue
• D. Muscular tissue

Explanation: Plasma cells are antibody-secreting cells derived from B lymphocytes and are classified as connective-tissue cells because they occur…

• A. Neutrophil
• B. Eosinophil
• C. Monocyte
• D. All of the above

Explanation: Tissue macrophages develop from circulating monocytes that leave the blood and differentiate within tissues.

• A. O group and Rh+ ve
• B. AB group and Rh - ve
• C. AB group and Rh+ ve
• D. O group and Rh- ve

Explanation: No agglutination with anti-A or anti-B indicates that the red cells lack A and B antigens, identifying group O.

• A. Anti - A & Anti - B
• B. Neither anti A nor anti - B
• C. Anti - A
• D. Anti - B

Explanation: AB red cells possess both A and B antigens, so the plasma normally contains neither anti-A nor anti-B agglutinin.

• A. Buffer basic groups of coagulation factors
• B. Bind factor XII
• C. Chelate calcium
• D. Bind vitamin K

Explanation: Citrate prevents coagulation by binding ionized calcium, which is required at several stages of the coagulation cascade.

• A. Viscidity
• B. Fibrinogen
• C. All of the above
• D. Rouleaux

Explanation: ESR is influenced by plasma proteins such as fibrinogen, which promote rouleaux formation, and by plasma viscosity.

• A. High Altitude
• B. Cerebellar hemangioblastoma
• C. Pheochromocytoma
• D. Myeloproliferative changes

Explanation: Myeloproliferative disorders, especially polycythemia vera, cause primary rather than secondary polycythemia because the marrow produces…

• A. IX
• B. VII
• C. II
• D. X

Explanation: Factor VII belongs exclusively to the tissue-factor, or extrinsic, pathway.

• A. Fibrinogen
• B. Globulin
• C. Albumin
• D. Collagen

Explanation: Albumin produces most of the plasma colloid osmotic pressure because it is present in high concentration and is relatively small, giving…

• A. CT
• B. PT
• C. Thrombin
• D. Clot retraction time

Explanation: Clot retraction depends largely on functioning and adequate numbers of platelets, so it can provide a rough assessment of platelet…

• A. Kupffer cell
• B. Basophil
• C. Plasma cell
• D. B cell

Explanation: Kupffer cells, the fixed macrophages lining hepatic sinusoids, phagocytose immune complexes arriving through the portal blood.

• A. Liver
• B. Damaged tissue
• C. Platelets
• D. Vascular endothelium

Explanation: Activated platelets produce thromboxane A₂, which promotes platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction during haemostasis.