All Free Physiology MCQs with Answers

• A. K+ secretion
• B. Water excretion
• C. Na+ absorption
• D. Water reabsorption

Explanation: ADH increases water permeability in the late distal tubule and collecting ducts, causing greater water reabsorption and concentrated…

• A. Parathyroid hormone
• B. Glucagon
• C. Thyroxine
• D. Cortisol

Explanation: Cortisol has a permissive effect on catecholamines, increasing vascular smooth-muscle responsiveness and helping maintain blood pressure.

• A. Growth hormone
• B. Thyroxine
• C. Rickets
• D. Parathyroid

Explanation: Thyroxine deficiency in early childhood causes cretinism, characterized by severe growth retardation and intellectual disability…

• A. Cushing syndrome
• B. Graves' disease
• C. Addison disease
• D. Acromegaly

Explanation: Cortisol deficiency produces primary adrenal insufficiency, called Addison disease, often with weakness, weight loss and hypotension.

• A. Growth hormones
• B. Thyroid hormone
• C. Corticosteroid
• D. Epinephrine

Explanation: Fear rapidly activates the sympathetic adrenal response, releasing epinephrine for the immediate fight-or-flight reaction.

• A. Parathormone
• B. Calcitonin
• C. Thyroxine
• D. Adrenaline

Explanation: A fall in serum calcium stimulates parathyroid hormone release, which raises calcium through effects on bone, kidneys and activation of…

• A. Acromegaly
• B. Gigantism
• C. Cretinism
• D. Myxodedema

Explanation: Thyroid hormone deficiency during childhood impairs brain development and growth, producing cretinism.

• A. Adrenaline
• B. Noradrenaline
• C. Cortisol
• D. Aldosterone

Explanation: Conn’s disease is primary hyperaldosteronism, usually caused by an adrenal adenoma or hyperplasia.

• A. Insulin glargine
• B. Insulin lispro
• C. Insulin aspart
• D. Lente insulin

Explanation: Insulin glargine forms a relatively steady subcutaneous depot and has no pronounced peak, making it a basal, peakless insulin analogue.

• A. Liver
• B. Stomach
• C. Pancreas
• D. Duodenum

Explanation: Intrinsic factor is secreted by gastric parietal cells and binds vitamin B12 before its absorption in the terminal ileum.

• A. None of the aboveConsult Online Doctors
• B. Lateral and medial to food bolus
• C. Dorsal and ventral to food bolus
• D. Above and below the food bolus

Explanation: A distended segment of gut contracts above the bolus while the segment below relaxes, propelling contents forward.

• A. Intrinsic factor
• B. Secretin
• C. Motilin
• D. GIPGet Study Guides

Explanation: Intrinsic factor is produced by gastric parietal cells, not enteroendocrine cells.

• A. Chymotrypsinogen
• B. Pepsinogen
• C. Proelastase
• D. Procolipase

Explanation: Trypsin activates several pancreatic zymogens, including chymotrypsinogen, proelastase and procolipase.

• A. Gastric juice
• B. Bile in gall bladder
• C. Pancreatic juice
• D. Saliva

Explanation: Pancreatic juice is strongly alkaline because it contains a high concentration of bicarbonate, usually giving it a pH around 8.

• A. Cephalic phase of gastric secretion
• B. Pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate
• C. Bile flow from liver
• D. Mucous secretion from the Brunner's glands

Explanation: The cephalic phase of gastric secretion is initiated by sight, smell, taste or thought of food and is mediated mainly through vagal…

• A. Pancreas
• B. Duodenum
• C. Liver
• D. Stomach

Explanation: Secretin is released by S cells in the duodenal mucosa when acidic chyme enters from the stomach.

• A. Preperistalitic intestinal secretion
• B. Simultaneous action of circular and longitudinal muscles
• C. Mecharical distension
• D. Extrinsic nervous influenceOrder DNA Kits

Explanation: Mechanical distension of the intestinal wall initiates the local peristaltic reflex through the enteric nervous system.

• A. Neuro hormones
• B. Hormones
• C. Vagus
• D. Gastric

Explanation: The cephalic phase is initiated by sight, smell, taste, or thought of food and is carried mainly through vagal stimulation of gastric…

• A. Acid chyme
• B. Dilattion of intestine
• C. Protein
• D. Fat

Explanation: Acidic chyme entering the duodenum is the strongest stimulus for secretin release from S cells.

• A. Increase concentration of bile
• B. Contraction of the gallbladder
• C. Increase secretion of bile
• D. Favours acidification of bile

Explanation: Cholagogues promote gallbladder contraction and relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi, causing bile to enter the duodenum.