All Free Physiology MCQs with Answers

• A. Activity of histamine
• B. Neutrophils
• C. Fibroblastic activity
• D. Release of histamine

Explanation: Glucocorticoids suppress inflammation partly by stabilizing mast cells and reducing the release of histamine and other inflammatory…

• A. Antidiuretic hormone
• B. Oxytocin
• C. Growth hormone
• D. Adreno corticotrophic hormone

Explanation: The supraoptic nucleus mainly synthesizes antidiuretic hormone, whereas the paraventricular nucleus is more closely associated with…

• A. Excess ACTH secretion
• B. Excess thyroxine secretion
• C. Excess growth hormone secreting
• D. Excess FSH secretion

Explanation: Acromegaly results from excess growth hormone after epiphyseal plates have closed, causing enlargement of bones and soft tissues.

• A. Thyroid stimulating hormone
• B. Glucagon
• C. Epinephrine
• D. Estrogen

Explanation: Estrogen is a steroid hormone, so it crosses the cell membrane and binds an intracellular nuclear receptor.

• A. Increased glycogenolysis
• B. Decreased gluconeogenesis
• C. Increased transport of glucose into cells
• D. Induction of lipoprotein lipase

Explanation: Insulin promotes glycogen synthesis and inhibits glycogenolysis, so increased glycogen breakdown is not an insulin effect.

• A. Cortisone
• B. Thyroxine
• C. Parathormone
• D. Epinephrine

Explanation: Cortisone has a marked inhibitory effect on granulation tissue by suppressing inflammation, fibroblast proliferation, and collagen…

• A. Thyroid gland, testes , and adrenal medulla
• B. Adrenal cortex, parathyroids and ovaries
• C. Adrenal medulla, parathyroids, and the islets of langerhans
• D. Pancreas, adrenal medulla and thyroid gland

Explanation: The adrenal medulla is controlled mainly by sympathetic nerves, while the parathyroids and pancreatic islets respond chiefly to blood…

• A. None of the above
• B. Beta cells of pancreas
• C. Gamma cells of pancreas
• D. Alpha cells of pancreas

Explanation: Glucagon is produced by pancreatic alpha cells and raises blood glucose mainly by stimulating hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.

• A. Thyroid disturbance
• B. Pituitary disturbance
• C. Parathyroid
• D. All of the above

Explanation: A markedly reduced basal metabolic rate is characteristic of hypothyroidism due to deficient thyroid hormones.

• A. Increase in blood glucose level
• B. Increase in protein catabolism
• C. Anti - insulin action in peripheral tissues
• D. Decrease in glucose uptake by the heart

Explanation: Glucocorticoids increase blood glucose, promote protein catabolism, and oppose insulin in peripheral tissues.

• A. Conn's syndrome
• B. Diabetes insipidus
• C. Acromegaly
• D. Cushing 's syndrome

Explanation: Chronic excess cortisol produces Cushing syndrome, with features such as hyperglycaemia, central obesity, muscle wasting, and…

• A. Production of parathyroid hormone and bone resorption
• B. Increased ability to cross - link fibrin
• C. Production of Calcitonin and a low blood calcium level
• D. Stimulation of the thyroid gland

Explanation: Low dietary calcium reduces plasma calcium and stimulates parathyroid hormone secretion.

• A. Cortex is under the control of ACTH
• B. Both cortex and medulla are under the control of autonomic nervous system
• C. Cortex is exocrine and medulla is endocrine
• D. All of the above

Explanation: The adrenal cortex is regulated mainly by ACTH, while the medulla is stimulated by sympathetic preganglionic fibres.

• A. Enolase and Calcitonin
• B. Alkaline phosphatase and catalase
• C. Alkaline phosphatase and pyrophophatase
• D. Pyrophosphatase and carbonic anhydrase

Explanation: Alkaline phosphatase supplies phosphate for hydroxyapatite formation, while pyrophosphatase removes pyrophosphate, an inhibitor of…

• A. Acromegaly
• B. Albright's syndrome
• C. Paget's disease
• D. Fibrous dysplasia

Explanation: Acromegaly results from excess growth hormone, usually from a pituitary adenoma, making it an endocrine disorder.

• A. Hyper excitability of wrist muscle
• B. All of the above
• C. Tetanus
• D. Weak heart action

Explanation: Hypocalcaemia increases neuronal and muscle membrane excitability, causing tetany or carpopedal spasm, and can reduce myocardial…

• A. TSH
• B. GRH
• C. Prolactin
• D. Somatostatin

Explanation: Prolactin is chiefly restrained by hypothalamic dopamine, which continuously inhibits its secretion.

• A. Anderogen
• B. Estrogen
• C. Thyroid hormone
• D. Nor epinephrine

Explanation: Norepinephrine has little direct physiological role in regulating bone calcium compared with estrogen, androgen and thyroid hormone.

• A. Somatotropins
• B. Oxytocin
• C. Thyroid hormone
• D. Estrogen

Explanation: Oxytocin primarily causes uterine contraction and milk ejection, not body growth.

• A. Granular cells of adrenal gland
• B. Chief cells of thyroid
• C. Parafollicular cells of thyroid
• D. Stratum fasciculata of adrenal gland

Explanation: Calcitonin is secreted by thyroid parafollicular, or C, cells when blood calcium rises.