Free Nuclear Physics MCQs with Answers
1,254 Nuclear Physics MCQs from Physics, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Atomic nuclei contain protons and neutrons, with nuclear size, mass defect and binding energy describing their stability. The work covers alpha, beta and gamma decay, decay equations, half-life and decay rate, along with radiation safety and medical applications such as imaging, radiotherapy and tracers.
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581. Particles which can be added to the nucleus of an atom without changing its chemical properties are:
- A. Neutrons
- B. Electrons
- C. Protons
- D. Alpha particles
Explanation: When neutrons are added to the nucleus of an atom its chemical properties remain unchanged because the atomic number of particles remains…
Correct answer: Neutrons- A. 88 Y 227
- B. 89 Y 227
- C. 90 Y 227
- D. 89 Y 231
Explanation: ⁹²U²³⁵ -- ⁹⁰V²³¹ ( + ²He⁴ ) -- ⁸⁸W²²⁷ (+ ²He⁴) -- ⁸⁹Y²²⁷ (+1Beta particle.
Correct answer: 89 Y 227- A. Shielding
- B. Reactor fuel
- C. Control material
- D. Both A and C
Explanation: Those materials that do not become radioactive after absorbing neutrons are called control materials.
Correct answer: Control material- A. The difference in masses of free neutrons and protons.
- B. The difference in masses of free neutrons and bonded nucleus
- C. The difference in masses of free nuclear constituent and bonded nucleus
- D. Difference between atomic mass and atomic number
Explanation: When we measure the nuclear masses and compare them with the masses of the constituent nucleons in free states, the mass of the nucleus is…
Correct answer: The difference in masses of free nuclear constituent and bonded nucleus585. Which particle (marked A) is obtained in the following nuclear reaction?4Be9 + 2He4 -> 6C12 + A
- A. A = 1H1
- B. A = 0n1
- C. A = 1H2
- D. A = 2He2
Explanation: To see which particle is obtained in the nuclear reaction, we should see both sides of the equation and check which particle should fit in…
Correct answer: A = 0n1- A. Second
- B. Minute
- C. Hour
- D. sec-1
Explanation: The decay constant (λ) of a radioactive nuclide is its probability of decay per unit time. Therefore, its unit is sec-1.
Correct answer: sec-1587. The half life of U-238 against alpha decay is 4.5 x 10^9 years, find the activity of 1 kg of U-238:
- A. 2.4 x 10^-4 Ci
- B. 3.34 x 10^-4 Ci
- C. 4.34 x 10^-4 Ci
- D. 2.4 x 10^-5 Ci
Explanation: The number of atoms in 1kg of U-238 (N) = moles x Avagadro's constant = (mass/Mr) x Avagadro's constant = (1000/238) x 6.02x1023 =…
Correct answer: 3.34 x 10^-4 Ci- A. diffuse
- B. decompose
- C. disturbed
- D. decay
Explanation: Half-life, in radioactivity, the interval of time required for one-half of the atomic nuclei of a radioactive sample to decay (change…
Correct answer: decay- A. lungs
- B. thyroid gland
- C. breast
- D. liver
Explanation: Your thyroid gland absorbs nearly all of the iodine in your body. Because of this, radioactive iodine (RAI, also called I-131) can be used…
Correct answer: thyroid gland- A. 120 Ci
- B. 200 Ci
- C. 240 Ci
- D. 280 Ci
Explanation: Activity is given as, A= λN, where N is the number of nuclei present in 1 mg of 198Au. Atomic mass of 198Au = 198g
Correct answer: 240 Ci- A. 783 eV
- B. 783 KeV
- C. 783 GeV
- D. 783 Tev
Explanation: The maximum electron energy in neutron beta decay is around 782.33 KeV, but here it is given in round off so the value is 783 KeV.
Correct answer: 783 KeV- A. atomic
- B. charge
- C. atomic or charge
- D. neither atomic nor charge
Explanation: The atomic number or nuclear charge number (symbol Z) of a chemical element is the charge number of an atomic nucleus.
Correct answer: atomic or charge593. Which of the following substances cannot be emitted by radioactive substances during their decay?
- A. proton
- B. neutrinos
- C. helium nuclei
- D. electrons
Explanation: Option A is correct since during radioactive decay, alpha, beta or gamma rays are emitted.
Correct answer: proton- A. Decay constant
- B. Half life
- C. Activity
- D. Wavelength
Explanation: Explanation is given below.T1/2 represents the 'half-life' with 'T', implying the quantity has something to do with time, and '1/2'…
Correct answer: Decay constant- A. Alpha
- B. Beta
- C. Gamma
- D. Delta
Explanation: Radiation involves the release of alpha particles (2 protons and 2 neutrons), beta particles (an electron), and gamma rays (photons).
Correct answer: Delta- A. Ionizing
- B. Non ionizing
- C. Both a and b
- D. Radiations cannot be classified
Explanation: Radiations are mostly ionizing in nature. They are classified according to their ionizing strength.
Correct answer: Ionizing- A. Cu
- B. H
- C. Na
- D. Al
Explanation: X-rays originate from atomic electrons and from free electrons decelerating in the vicinity of atoms (i.e. Bremsstrahlung).
Correct answer: Cu- A. Alpha
- B. Beta
- C. Gamma
- D. All of these
Explanation: Ionization smoke detectors use a small amount of radioactive material, americium-241, to detect smoke.
Correct answer: Alpha- A. Heavy metal
- B. Mercury metal
- C. Hydrogen gas
- D. None of these
Explanation: Heavy metals are more prone to decay. In the presence of even the slightest of radiation, they will start to decay, releasing apparent…
Correct answer: Heavy metal- A. 939 MeV
- B. 942 MeV
- C. l.02 MeV
- D. 0.511 MeV
Explanation: ''1.02 MeV''Because an electron has a rest mass equivalent to 0.511 MeV of energy, a minimum gamma-energy of 1.02 MeV is required for this…
Correct answer: l.02 MeV