All Free Anatomy and Physiology for Nursing MCQs with Answers

• A. Cytoplasm
• B. Cell membrane
• C. Nucleolus
• D. Extracellular matrix

Explanation: The cytoplasm includes the cytosol and the organelles, and it is the site of many metabolic reactions.

• A. Phagocytosis
• B. Osmosis
• C. Exocytosis
• D. Simple diffusion

Explanation: Phagocytosis is a form of endocytosis in which a cell membrane surrounds and encloses a solid particle.

• A. Exocytosis
• B. Phagocytosis
• C. Osmosis
• D. Filtration

Explanation: Exocytosis uses secretory vesicles that fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents outside the cell.

• A. Nucleus
• B. Golgi apparatus
• C. Centrosome
• D. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Explanation: The nucleus contains most of the cell's genetic material and regulates gene expression and cell activities.

• A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
• B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
• C. Lysosome
• D. Ribosome

Explanation: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid synthesis, steroid production, and detoxification.

• A. Meiosis
• B. Mitosis
• C. Binary fission
• D. Budding

Explanation: Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half and produces sex cells for sexual reproduction.

• A. Elastic cartilage
• B. Hyaline cartilage
• C. Dense regular tissue
• D. Adipose tissue

Explanation: Elastic cartilage contains elastic fibres and supports structures that must maintain shape while bending, such as the external ear.

• A. Several layers of closely packed cells
• B. A single layer of flat cells
• C. A network of contractile fibres
• D. A matrix rich in calcium salts

Explanation: Stratified epithelium has several cell layers and protects underlying tissues from abrasion and injury.

• A. Supporting and insulating neurons
• B. Producing antibodies in plasma
• C. Storing calcium in bone
• D. Contracting to move a joint

Explanation: Neuroglia support, protect, nourish, and in some cases insulate neurons, helping nervous tissue function properly.

• A. It contains several tissue types working together
• B. It contains only one kind of specialised cell
• C. It consists only of extracellular fibres
• D. It is made only of a fluid matrix

Explanation: An organ is formed from two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions.

• A. Phospholipid bilayer
• B. Membrane cholesterol
• C. Surface glycocalyx
• D. Cytoplasmic microtubule

Explanation: Cholesterol helps regulate membrane fluidity and provides stability, especially when temperature changes.

• A. The cell swells rapidly
• B. The cell shrinks gradually
• C. The cell keeps a similar volume
• D. The cell bursts after exposure

Explanation: An isotonic solution causes no significant net movement of water, so the cell maintains a similar volume.

• A. Simple diffusion
• B. Facilitated diffusion
• C. Active transport
• D. Osmotic movement

Explanation: Active transport uses energy, usually ATP, to move substances against their concentration gradient through transport proteins.

• A. Phagocytosis
• B. Pinocytosis
• C. Exocytosis
• D. Simple diffusion

Explanation: Pinocytosis is the uptake of extracellular fluid and dissolved substances into small vesicles.

• A. Simple cuboidal epithelium
• B. Simple squamous epithelium
• C. Stratified squamous epithelium
• D. Transitional epithelium

Explanation: Stratified squamous epithelium has multiple layers and protects areas exposed to friction, such as the skin.

• A. Elastic connective tissue
• B. Adipose connective tissue
• C. Hyaline cartilage
• D. Dense regular connective tissue

Explanation: Elastic connective tissue contains elastic fibres that allow structures to stretch and return to their original shape.

• A. Skeletal muscle tissue
• B. Cardiac muscle tissue
• C. Smooth muscle tissue
• D. Nervous tissue

Explanation: Smooth muscle is involuntary and occurs in the walls of blood vessels and hollow organs.

• A. Storing calcium in the skeleton
• B. Transmitting electrical signals
• C. Producing red blood cells
• D. Secreting digestive enzymes

Explanation: Nervous tissue receives stimuli and transmits electrical signals for communication and coordination.

• A. Cells form tightly packed layers
• B. Cells are separated by matrix
• C. Cells contract in regular waves
• D. Cells conduct rapid impulses

Explanation: Connective tissue is characterized by cells distributed within an extracellular matrix containing ground substance and fibres.

• A. Nucleolus
• B. Centrosome
• C. Lysosome
• D. Golgi apparatus

Explanation: The nucleolus produces ribosomal RNA and assembles ribosomal subunits before they move into the cytoplasm.