All Free Anatomy and Physiology for Nursing MCQs with Answers
Every Anatomy and Physiology for Nursing question in the bank, across all chapters, each with the correct answer and a written explanation. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
400 questions · page 20 of 20
- A. Renin
- B. Erythropoietin
- C. Calcitonin
- D. Aldosterone
Explanation: Erythropoietin is released by the kidneys when tissue oxygen is low and stimulates erythrocyte production.
Correct answer: Erythropoietin- A. Urethra
- B. Ureter
- C. Renal artery
- D. Collecting duct
Explanation: The ureter transports urine from each renal pelvis to the bladder by peristaltic contractions.
Correct answer: Ureter- A. Reduced erythropoietin production
- B. Increased insulin production
- C. Reduced bile secretion
- D. Increased thyroid hormone release
Explanation: Damaged kidneys may produce less erythropoietin, causing reduced red blood cell production and anaemia.
Correct answer: Reduced erythropoietin production- A. Renin
- B. Insulin
- C. Parathyroid hormone
- D. Cortisol
Explanation: Reduced renal perfusion stimulates juxtaglomerular cells to release renin.
Correct answer: Renin- A. The bladder secretes excess glucose
- B. The filtered glucose exceeds tubular transport capacity
- C. The ureters produce glucose during peristalsis
- D. The glomeruli normally prevent glucose filtration
Explanation: Glucose is normally filtered and then reabsorbed, mainly in the proximal tubule.
Correct answer: The filtered glucose exceeds tubular transport capacity- A. Thin descending limb
- B. Thick ascending limb
- C. Proximal convoluted tubule
- D. Collecting duct with high ADH
Explanation: The thick ascending limb reabsorbs sodium, potassium and chloride but does not allow water to follow.
Correct answer: Thick ascending limb- A. Increased calcium reabsorption
- B. Increased calcium loss in urine
- C. Reduced activation of vitamin D
- D. Reduced phosphate excretion
Explanation: Parathyroid hormone increases renal calcium reabsorption and promotes activation of vitamin D.
Correct answer: Increased calcium reabsorption- A. Urea
- B. Creatinine
- C. Glucose
- D. Water
Explanation: Almost all filtered glucose is reabsorbed, so it is normally absent from urine.
Correct answer: Glucose- A. The detrusor muscle contracts continuously
- B. Bladder emptying becomes impaired
- C. The kidneys stop producing filtrate
- D. The ureters become completely obstructed
Explanation: Parasympathetic activity contracts the detrusor muscle during micturition.
Correct answer: Bladder emptying becomes impaired- A. Excretion of more bicarbonate ions
- B. Retention of more bicarbonate ions
- C. Complete stoppage of hydrogen ion secretion
- D. Permanent closure of the renal tubules
Explanation: In metabolic alkalosis, the kidneys can excrete additional bicarbonate, helping reduce the excess base in the blood.
Correct answer: Excretion of more bicarbonate ions- A. The nephron
- B. The renal pelvis
- C. The urinary bladder
- D. The ureter
Explanation: The nephron is the kidney's functional unit and carries out filtration, reabsorption and secretion.
Correct answer: The nephron- A. The pulmonary capillaries
- B. The peritubular capillaries
- C. The coronary capillaries
- D. The lymphatic capillaries
Explanation: Peritubular capillaries surround the renal tubules and receive water and useful solutes returned to the blood.
Correct answer: The peritubular capillaries- A. The macula densa
- B. The renal papilla
- C. The podocyte layer
- D. The urinary sphincter
Explanation: The macula densa is part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus and monitors sodium chloride delivery in the distal tubule.
Correct answer: The macula densa- A. Erythropoietin
- B. Calcitriol
- C. Renin
- D. Urokinase
Explanation: The kidneys convert vitamin D into calcitriol, the active form that promotes intestinal calcium absorption.
Correct answer: Calcitriol- A. Large proteins move into the renal tubule
- B. Water and small solutes enter Bowman's capsule
- C. Urine moves from the bladder to the urethra
- D. Red blood cells enter the filtrate freely
Explanation: Glomerular filtration allows water and small dissolved substances to pass from glomerular blood into Bowman's capsule.
Correct answer: Water and small solutes enter Bowman's capsule- A. Reduced antidiuretic hormone activity
- B. Excessive aldosterone activity
- C. Increased erythropoietin release
- D. Reduced parathyroid hormone activity
Explanation: Reduced ADH activity prevents adequate water reabsorption in the collecting ducts, causing polyuria and intense thirst.
Correct answer: Reduced antidiuretic hormone activity- A. Retaining more bicarbonate
- B. Excreting more bicarbonate
- C. Retaining more hydrogen ions
- D. Excreting less sodium in urine
Explanation: During respiratory alkalosis, the kidneys excrete more bicarbonate to reduce the excess alkaline reserve and help lower blood pH toward…
Correct answer: Excreting more bicarbonate- A. Protein in the urine
- B. Urobilinogen in the urine
- C. Concentrated urine
- D. Increased urinary frequency
Explanation: Glomerular damage can allow albumin to pass into urine, producing proteinuria and contributing to edema through reduced plasma oncotic…
Correct answer: Protein in the urine- A. Collect the first urine passed without cleaning
- B. Clean the area from back to front before voiding
- C. Begin voiding, then collect urine in the sterile container
- D. Fill the container after touching its inside surface
Explanation: The patient should clean the area as instructed, begin voiding, and then collect the midstream urine without contaminating the container.
Correct answer: Begin voiding, then collect urine in the sterile container- A. Excreting hydrogen ions and retaining bicarbonate
- B. Retaining hydrogen ions and excreting bicarbonate
- C. Reducing ammonium formation in the tubules
- D. Preventing reabsorption of filtered bicarbonate
Explanation: In respiratory acidosis, the kidneys compensate by increasing hydrogen ion excretion and conserving or generating bicarbonate.
Correct answer: Excreting hydrogen ions and retaining bicarbonate