All Free Anatomy and Physiology for Nursing MCQs with Answers
Every Anatomy and Physiology for Nursing question in the bank, across all chapters, each with the correct answer and a written explanation. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
400 questions · page 5 of 20
- A. Ribosome
- B. Mitochondrion
- C. Lysosome
- D. Golgi apparatus
Explanation: Mitochondria produce most cellular ATP through aerobic respiration. Ribosomes make proteins, lysosomes digest materials, and the Golgi…
Correct answer: Mitochondrion- A. It loses water and shrinks
- B. It gains water and may burst
- C. It actively pumps out all water
- D. It remains unchanged because water cannot cross
Explanation: A hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell, so water enters by osmosis.
Correct answer: It gains water and may burst- A. Water enters cells and they swell
- B. Water leaves cells and they shrink
- C. Solutes leave cells by simple diffusion
- D. The cell membrane becomes completely impermeable
Explanation: In a hypertonic solution, water moves out of cells toward the higher solute concentration.
Correct answer: Water leaves cells and they shrink- A. Osmosis
- B. Simple diffusion
- C. Facilitated diffusion
- D. Active transport
Explanation: Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient and requires cellular energy, usually ATP.
Correct answer: Active transport- A. Golgi apparatus
- B. Nucleolus
- C. Mitochondrion
- D. Centrosome
Explanation: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts and packages proteins into vesicles.
Correct answer: Golgi apparatus- A. Meiosis
- B. Mitosis
- C. Fertilization
- D. Crossing over
Explanation: Mitosis produces two genetically similar daughter cells and maintains the chromosome number.
Correct answer: Mitosis- A. Epithelial tissue
- B. Connective tissue
- C. Muscular tissue
- D. Nervous tissue
Explanation: Epithelial tissue covers surfaces, lines cavities and forms glands. Connective tissue supports and binds, muscular tissue produces…
Correct answer: Epithelial tissue- A. Epithelial tissue
- B. Connective tissue
- C. Cardiac muscle tissue
- D. Nervous tissue
Explanation: Tendons and ligaments are dense connective tissues rich in collagen fibres.
Correct answer: Connective tissue- A. It is voluntary and lacks striations
- B. It is involuntary and has intercalated discs
- C. It has no actin or myosin filaments
- D. It is found mainly in the walls of the intestine
Explanation: Cardiac muscle is involuntary, striated and contains intercalated discs that help coordinate contraction.
Correct answer: It is involuntary and has intercalated discs- A. Epithelial tissue
- B. Adipose connective tissue
- C. Muscular tissue
- D. Nervous tissue
Explanation: Nervous tissue receives and transmits electrical impulses through neurons.
Correct answer: Nervous tissue- A. A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
- B. A cellulose wall with open pores
- C. A protein capsule without lipids
- D. A glycogen layer around the cytoplasm
Explanation: The plasma membrane is mainly a phospholipid bilayer containing proteins that regulate movement into and out of the cell.
Correct answer: A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins- A. Ribosomes
- B. Centrioles
- C. Lysosomes
- D. Peroxisomes
Explanation: Ribosomes join amino acids together to form proteins, either freely in the cytoplasm or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Correct answer: Ribosomes- A. Lysosome
- B. Nucleolus
- C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- D. Centrosome
Explanation: Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down worn-out organelles and cellular waste.
Correct answer: Lysosome- A. Storage and expression of genetic information
- B. Production of most cellular ATP
- C. Digestion of bacteria and debris
- D. Formation of the plasma membrane lipid bilayer
Explanation: The nucleus stores DNA and regulates cell activities by controlling gene expression and protein production.
Correct answer: Storage and expression of genetic information- A. Facilitated diffusion
- B. Primary active transport
- C. Phagocytosis
- D. Exocytosis
Explanation: Facilitated diffusion uses a membrane channel or carrier to move a substance down its concentration gradient without ATP.
Correct answer: Facilitated diffusion- A. Replication of DNA
- B. Destruction of the nucleus
- C. Secretion of digestive enzymes
- D. Fusion of two daughter cells
Explanation: DNA replication occurs during interphase before mitosis, producing a copy of each chromosome for the future daughter cells.
Correct answer: Replication of DNA- A. Simple squamous epithelium
- B. Stratified squamous epithelium
- C. Simple cuboidal epithelium
- D. Transitional epithelium
Explanation: Simple squamous epithelium is only one cell layer thick, so it permits efficient diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli.
Correct answer: Simple squamous epithelium- A. Adipose tissue
- B. Areolar tissue
- C. Dense regular tissue
- D. Elastic cartilage
Explanation: Adipose tissue stores energy, provides insulation and cushions body structures, including areas over bony prominences.
Correct answer: Adipose tissue- A. Smooth muscle
- B. Skeletal muscle
- C. Cardiac muscle
- D. Striated voluntary muscle
Explanation: Smooth muscle is involuntary and nonstriated, and it forms much of the muscular wall of the intestine.
Correct answer: Smooth muscle- A. Several tissue types working together
- B. Only epithelial cells in several layers
- C. One type of connective tissue throughout
- D. A group of identical cells with no supporting tissue
Explanation: An organ is made of at least two different tissue types that work together for a specific function.
Correct answer: Several tissue types working together