Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 85 of 124
- A. Beadle and Tatum
- B. Meselson - Stahl
- C. Garrod and Bateson
- D. Watson and Crick
Explanation: Beadle and Tatum placed subcultures of individual fungal cells on a "minimal" medium that contained only sugar, ammonia, salts, a few…
Correct answer: Beadle and Tatum- A. Enzyme
- B. Protein
- C. Polypeptide
- D. Polysaccharide
Explanation: The more accurate statement is that "one gene typically encodes for one polypeptide." This concept is known as the one gene-one…
Correct answer: Polypeptide- A. Vernon Ingram
- B. Sanger
- C. P.A. Levene
- D. F. Miescher
Explanation: The sequence of amino acids in insulin molecules was determined by Frederick Sanger in the early 1950s.
Correct answer: Sanger- A. Vernon Ingram
- B. Herrick
- C. P.A. Levene
- D. F. Miescher
Explanation: While Vernon Ingram made significant contributions to the understanding of sickle cell anemia, he did not discover the condition.
Correct answer: Vernon Ingram- A. Histidine
- B. Leucine
- C. Valine
- D. Proline
Explanation: Sickle cell anemia is caused by a specific point mutation in the gene that encodes the beta-globin subunit of hemoglobin.
Correct answer: Valine- A. Protein
- B. DNA
- C. mRNA
- D. All of the above
Explanation: The Central Dogma of molecular biology outlines the unidirectional flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA and then to protein.
Correct answer: All of the above- A. Replication
- B. Transcription
- C. Translation
- D. None of the above
Explanation: The synthesis of protein, a fundamental process in biology, is termed translation.
Correct answer: Translation- A. Transcription
- B. Replication
- C. Translation
- D. None of the above
Explanation: The synthesis of RNA from DNA is called transcription. During transcription, an RNA polymerase enzyme binds to a specific region of DNA…
Correct answer: Transcription- A. mRNA
- B. rRNA
- C. tRNA
- D. None of the above
Explanation: Anticodons are present on transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. These specialized RNA molecules play a crucial role in protein synthesis by…
Correct answer: tRNA1690. Codes are present on:
- A. mRNA
- B. rRNA
- C. tRNA
- D. None of the above
Explanation: In the context of molecular biology and genetics, "codes" typically refer to codons.
Correct answer: mRNA- A. Leading strand
- B. Antisense strand
- C. Sense strand
- D. Lagging strand
Explanation: During transcription, the strand of DNA that serves as the template for RNA synthesis is called the antisense strand or the noncoding…
Correct answer: Antisense strand1692. Coding strand is:
- A. Leading strand
- B. Antisense strand
- C. Sense strand
- D. Lagging strand
Explanation: The coding strand, also known as the sense strand or non-template strand, is the strand of DNA that has the same sequence as the RNA…
Correct answer: Sense strand1693. mRNA is synthesized by:
- A. RNA Polymerase I
- B. RNA Polymerase II
- C. RNA Polymerase III
- D. None of the above
Explanation: mRNA (messenger RNA) is synthesized by RNA polymerase II in eukaryotic cells.
Correct answer: RNA Polymerase II1694. tRNA is synthesized by:
- A. RNA Polymerase I
- B. RNA Polymerase II
- C. RNA Polymerase III
- D. None of the above
Explanation: tRNA (transfer RNA) is synthesized by RNA polymerase III in eukaryotic cells.
Correct answer: RNA Polymerase III1695. Transcription starts at:
- A. Operator
- B. Promoter
- C. Enhancer
- D. None of the above
Explanation: Transcription typically starts at a specific DNA sequence called the promoter region.
Correct answer: Promoter1696. The binding site is:
- A. TTGGC
- B. TTGACA
- C. TTGCAA
- D. TTGAAC
Explanation: The binding site "TTGACA" corresponds to the consensus sequence of the -35 region of the promoter in bacterial DNA.
Correct answer: TTGACA- A. Alpha factor
- B. Sigma factor
- C. Beta factor
- D. Gama factor
Explanation: In bacterial RNA polymerase, the sigma (σ) factor is indeed an essential subunit.
Correct answer: Sigma factor- A. CA
- B. GA
- C. GC
- D. TA
Explanation: The stop sequences at the end of the gene terminate the synthesis of mRNA.
Correct answer: GC1699. Cap in mRNA is:
- A. Poly A
- B. Poly C
- C. Methyl GTP
- D. Methyl ATP
Explanation: Explanation for this question will be added soon!
Correct answer: Methyl GTP1700. Tail of mRNA is:
- A. Poly A
- B. Poly C
- C. Methyl GTP
- D. Methyl ATP
Explanation: The tail of mRNA is called the poly(A) tail. It consists of a string of adenine nucleotides added to the 3' end of the mRNA molecule after…
Correct answer: Poly A