Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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- A. Flagella
- B. Stored lpids
- C. Pseudopodia
- D. All of these
Explanation: Diatoms remain suspended more easily because they store lipids, which are less dense than water and reduce their sinking rate.
Correct answer: Stored lpids- A. Diatoms
- B. Slime moulds
- C. Chlorophycean forms
- D. None of the these
Explanation: Diatom cells commonly contain oil bodies that act as reserve food and also help reduce density, supporting flotation.
Correct answer: Diatoms- A. Chloryphyllpigments
- B. Enzymes for photolysis
- C. Defined grana and stroma
- D. Carotenes with chlorophylls
Explanation: Diatom and chrysophycean chloroplasts have a distinctive internal organization and do not show the clearly defined grana and stroma…
Correct answer: Defined grana and stroma- A. Silica
- B. Calcium carbonate
- C. Manesium carbonate
- D. Both B. and C.
Explanation: A diatom frustule is a rigid shell made mainly of hydrated silica, forming the two overlapping halves of the cell wall.
Correct answer: Silica- A. Raphe
- B. Valves
- C. Frustule
- D. Girdles
Explanation: A diatom’s rigid silica cell wall is called a frustule, and after the cell contents disappear, the empty frustule remains.
Correct answer: Frustule- A. Diatoms
- B. Dinoflagellates
- C. Slime moulds
- D. None of these
Explanation: Diatom cell walls contain hydrated silica, which resists decomposition and can remain preserved as a fossil.
Correct answer: Diatoms- A. Nonliving cells
- B. Siliceous wall
- C. Mucilaginous wall
- D. Water proof cell
Explanation: The siliceous wall of a diatom is resistant to decay, so empty frustules can accumulate after the organic cell material decomposes.
Correct answer: Siliceous wall- A. Diatoms
- B. Desmids
- C. Pyrrophyta
- D. Chlorophyta
Explanation: Diatoms have a frustule made of two overlapping silica halves: the larger epitheca and the smaller hypotheca.
Correct answer: Diatoms- A. Rhodophyta
- B. Phaeophyta
- C. Baciliariophyta
- D. Euglenophyta
Explanation: Bacillariophyta, the diatom group, has cell walls richly impregnated with silica, forming durable frustules.
Correct answer: Baciliariophyta- A. Diatioms
- B. Heliozoans
- C. Radiolarians
- D. Foraminiferans
Explanation: Diatom frustules are siliceous and resist decay, allowing them to become abundant microfossils in sedimentary and petroleum-associated…
Correct answer: Diatioms- A. Diplaneis
- B. Coscinodiscus
- C. Camphyloneiscus
- D. Stephanodis
Explanation: Coscinodiscus is a well-known centric diatom with a circular or discoid frustule.
Correct answer: Coscinodiscus- A. Phytoplanktonic population
- B. Freshwater lakes and ponds
- C. Marine environment
- D. All of the above
Explanation: Diatoms occur as major members of phytoplankton and live in both freshwater habitats such as lakes and ponds and marine environments.
Correct answer: All of the above- A. Pinnularia, Navicula, Cymbella, Melosira
- B. Euglenamorpha, Hedneria , Heteronema, Colacium
- C. Nostoc, Anabaena, Aulosira, Cylindrospermum
- D. Cochlodinium, Gymnodinium, Lenodinium, Peridinium
Explanation: Pinnularia, Navicula, Cymbella and Melosira are all recognised diatom genera.
Correct answer: Pinnularia, Navicula, Cymbella, Melosira- A. Chrysophyta
- B. Bacillariophyceae
- C. Xanthophyceae
- D. Both A. and B.
Explanation: Diatoms have traditionally been placed within Chrysophyta and are more specifically classified in Bacillariophyceae, so both descriptions…
Correct answer: Both A. and B.- A. Diatoms
- B. Radiolarians
- C. Dinoflagellates
- D. Foraminiferans
Explanation: Diatoms are called the “pastures of the sea” because they are abundant photosynthetic producers that form the base of many marine food…
Correct answer: Diatoms- A. Mucocytes
- B. Leucocytes
- C. Oenocytes
- D. Granulocytes
Explanation: In cockroaches, oenocytes are specialised cells associated with producing lipids and waxes that contribute to the waterproofing of the…
Correct answer: Oenocytes- A. Epidermis
- B. Trichogen cell
- C. Basement membrane
- D. Malpighian cell
Explanation: A cockroach bristle develops from a specialised epidermal hair-forming cell called a trichogen cell.
Correct answer: Trichogen cell- A. Epicuticle
- B. Exocuticle
- C. Endocuticle
- D. All of these
Explanation: Melanin is deposited mainly in the pigmented exocuticle, the harder layer beneath the epicuticle, giving the cockroach cuticle its dark…
Correct answer: Exocuticle- A. Epicuticle
- B. Exocuticle
- C. Endocuticle
- D. All of these
Explanation: The epicuticle is the outermost thin, waxy layer of the cockroach cuticle and lacks chitin; its lipids help reduce water loss.
Correct answer: Epicuticle- A. Arthropods
- B. Chordata
- C. Annelida
- D. Echinodermata
Explanation: In many arthropods, the body is divided into head, thorax and abdomen, especially in insects.
Correct answer: Arthropods