Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 78 of 124
- A. Lysosome
- B. Nucleosome
- C. Polysome
- D. Polysomic
Explanation: Sometimes, during protein synthesis, several ribosomes are attached to one mRNA molecule.
Correct answer: Polysome1542. If 3 ribosomes attach to single mRNA at different points then how many similar proteins will from?
- A. 1
- B. 2
- C. 3
- D. No similar protein
Explanation: Polysomes, or polyribosomes, are several ribosomes attached to a single mRNA molecule, each translating the mRNA into identical copies of…
Correct answer: 3- A. Calcium ions
- B. Magnesium ions
- C. Chloride ions
- D. Sodium ions
Explanation: Magnesium ions are essential for the attachment of two ribosomal subunits because they stabilize the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) structure and…
Correct answer: Magnesium ions- A. Ribosomes
- B. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- C. Mitochondria
- D. Nucleus
Explanation: Ribosomes are the only organelles listed that do not have a membrane surrounding them; they are made up of ribosomal RNA and proteins…
Correct answer: Ribosomes- A. A: Lipids
- B. B: Proteins
- C. C: Carbohydrates
- D. D: All of these
Explanation: Ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis in cells. They read the sequence of the mRNA and assemble amino acids into polypeptide…
Correct answer: B: Proteins- A. Cell size
- B. Number of chromosomes
- C. Size of the nucleus
- D. Level of gene expression
Explanation: The number of nuclear pores is different in differentiated and undifferentiated cells and hence, depends on the size of nucleus.
Correct answer: Size of the nucleus- A. Centriole
- B. Mitochondria
- C. Nucleolus
- D. Nucleus
Explanation: The correct answer is the nucleolus. It functions as the primary site for the synthesis and assembly of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which is a…
Correct answer: Nucleolus- A. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- B. The sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium ions into the cytoplasm of the muscle cells
- C. A change in membrane potential causes the sarcoplasmic reticulum to become permeable to calcium ions
- D. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is found ONLY in voluntary muscle cells.
Explanation: The correct answer is Option D. The statement that the sarcoplasmic reticulum is found ONLY in voluntary muscle cells is false.
Correct answer: The sarcoplasmic reticulum is found ONLY in voluntary muscle cells.- A. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
- B. Golgi Apparatus
- C. Chloroplast
- D. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
Explanation: The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) is the organelle responsible for lipid metabolism, as it plays a crucial role in the synthesis of…
Correct answer: Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)- A. It contains sarcoplasmic reticulum
- B. It contains glycogen
- C. It contains glycogen and oxygen-binding protein myoglobin
- D. All of these
Explanation: The sarcoplasm is a specialized type of cytoplasm found in muscle cells.
Correct answer: All of these- A. RER (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum)
- B. SER (Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum)
- C. Vacuoles
- D. Golgi complex
Explanation: The correct answer is the SER (Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum). The SER is specialized in storing calcium ions within cells and is crucial…
Correct answer: SER (Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum)- A. Hormone secretion
- B. Detoxification
- C. Conversion of mRNA to amino acids
- D. Lipids formation
Explanation: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is primarily involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and hormone production.
Correct answer: Conversion of mRNA to amino acids- A. RER
- B. SER
- C. ER
- D. None
Explanation: The correct answer is ER because the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is a network of membrane-enclosed tubules and sacs (cisternae) that…
Correct answer: ER- A. Golgi Complex
- B. RER
- C. Nucleus
- D. Mitochondria
Explanation: The correct answer is the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) because it is where the ribosomes are located, which are the sites of protein…
Correct answer: RER- A. SER
- B. RER
- C. Golgi apparatus
- D. Both A and B
Explanation: The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is a continuous membrane system that forms a series of flattened sacs within the cytoplasm and is involved…
Correct answer: Both A and B- A. Carbohydrates
- B. Lipids
- C. Proteins
- D. DNA
Explanation: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is primarily composed of lipids and proteins, which help in its structural formation and function in…
Correct answer: DNA- A. 0.5-1 μm
- B. 0.5-1 nm
- C. 100-200 μm
- D. 100-200 nm
Explanation: The correct answer is that the diameter of mitochondria ranges between 0.5-1 μm.
Correct answer: 0.5-1 μm1558. It is a true statment:
- A. A lot of mitochondria are present in axons
- B. Less number of mitochondria are present in axons
- C. A lot of mitochondria are present in dendrites
- D. A lot of mitochondria are present in dendron
Explanation: The correct answer is that a lot of mitochondria are present in axons. Axons are responsible for the long-distance transmission of…
Correct answer: A lot of mitochondria are present in axons- A. Krebs cycle
- B. Aerobic respiration
- C. Fatty acid metabolism
- D. ALL A, B, C
Explanation: The correct answer is ALL A, B, C. The mitochondrial matrix is the site where enzymes catalyze the Krebs cycle, a central component of…
Correct answer: ALL A, B, C- A. Mitochondria
- B. Chloroplast
- C. Ribosome
- D. Golgi apparatus
Explanation: The correct answer is Mitochondria. Mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration, a process that converts biochemical energy from…
Correct answer: Mitochondria