Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 60 of 124
- A. Floating in the cytosol
- B. Localized in the nucleus
- C. Bound to rough endoplasmic reticulum
- D. Both floating in the cytosol and bound to rough endoplasmic reticulum
Explanation: Ribosomes are essential organelles for protein synthesis and exist in two primary forms within the cell.
Correct answer: Both floating in the cytosol and bound to rough endoplasmic reticulum- A. Primary cell wall
- B. Secondary cell wall
- C. Middle lamella
- D. All contain cellulose
Explanation: The correct answer is the Middle lamella because it is made up mainly of pectin and does not include cellulose, which is a significant…
Correct answer: Middle lamella- A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- C. Golgi complex
- D. Cell membrane
Explanation: In plant cells, the Golgi apparatus consists of a number of isolated units called dictyosomes while in animal cells it occurs as a single…
Correct answer: Golgi complex- A. Cell wall
- B. Cell membrane
- C. Vacuoles
- D. Nucleus
Explanation: Protoplast of a cell does not include the cell wall.
Correct answer: Cell wall- A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- B. Rough endoplasmic reticul•rn
- C. Mitochondria
- D. Cell membrane
Explanation: In eukaryotes, the electron transport chain is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Correct answer: Mitochondria- A. Endosmosis
- B. Osmosis
- C. Active transport
- D. Facilitated diffusion
Explanation: The movement of glucose from intestinal fluid into the blood is mostly through facilitated diffusion.
Correct answer: Facilitated diffusion- A. Nucleus
- B. Mitochondria
- C. Lysosomes
- D. Chloroplast
Explanation: The correct answer is Lysosomes. Lysosomes are specialized for the breakdown and recycling of cellular waste through enzymatic reactions…
Correct answer: Lysosomes1188. Lysosomes are formed by:
- A. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
- B. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
- C. Golgi Complex
- D. Mitochondria
Explanation: The Golgi complex is a critical organelle in the cell responsible for processing and packaging proteins and lipids.
Correct answer: Golgi Complex- A. Mitochondria
- B. Chloroplast
- C. Ribosomes
- D. Both A and B
Explanation: The correct answer is Chloroplast, which is responsible for the process of photosynthesis.
Correct answer: Chloroplast- A. SER less
- B. RER more
- C. RER less
- D. Cytoplasm is more
Explanation: The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is a specialized form of smooth endoplasmic reticulum found in muscle cells, primarily responsible for…
Correct answer: RER less- A. It contains F1 particles
- B. It is double membranous
- C. It is a self-replicating organelle
- D. The number of mitochondria is constant
Explanation: The correct answer is that the number of mitochondria is not constant. Different cell types and different conditions can lead to changes…
Correct answer: The number of mitochondria is constant- A. Grana
- B. Cristae
- C. Thylakoid membrane
- D. Intergrana
Explanation: The correct answer is cristae. The cristae are folds of the inner membrane of mitochondria, which increase the surface area for chemical…
Correct answer: Cristae- A. As energy converting organelles
- B. In post-translational modification of proteins and glycosylation of lipids
- C. In capturing light energy and converting it into chemical energy
- D. In the intracellular digestion of proteins and carbohydrates
Explanation: The Golgi complex is integral to the post-translational modification of proteins and the glycosylation of lipids.
Correct answer: In post-translational modification of proteins and glycosylation of lipids- A. Golgi apparatus, formation of glycolipids
- B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum, protein synthesis
- C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum, formation of glycoproteins
- D. Golgi apparatus, protein synthesis
Explanation: The correct answer is Option B: Rough endoplasmic reticulum, protein synthesis.
Correct answer: Rough endoplasmic reticulum, protein synthesis- A. Mitochondria - Produces cellular energy in the form of ATP
- B. Golgi apparatus - Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids
- C. Lysosomes - Contains digestive enzymes for breaking down waste
- D. Endoplasmic reticulum - Synthesizes proteins and lipids
Explanation: The labelled organelle is the mitochondria, which is the site of cellular respiration and ATP production, making it the 'powerhouse' of…
Correct answer: Mitochondria - Produces cellular energy in the form of ATP- A. Na+ and K+ ions move across the cell membrane by passive transport
- B. Proteins make up 60 to 70% of the cell membrane
- C. Lipids are arranged in a bilayer with polar heads towards the inner part
- D. Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson
Explanation: The correct answer is that the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson.
Correct answer: Fluid mosaic model of cell membrane was proposed by Singer and Nicolson- A. The prokaryotic ribosomes are 80S, where "S" stands for sedimentation coefficient
- B. These are composed of ribonucleic acid and proteins
- C. These are found only in eukaryotic cells
- D. These are self-splicing introns of some RNAs
Explanation: Ribosomes are cellular organelles that play a crucial role in protein synthesis.
Correct answer: These are composed of ribonucleic acid and proteins- A. Ribosome
- B. Peroxisome
- C. ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)
- D. Mesosome
Explanation: Ribosomes are critical for protein synthesis and are unique because they can be found within mitochondria and chloroplasts, both of which…
Correct answer: Ribosome- A. Chloroplast
- B. Mitochondria
- C. Chromoplast
- D. Ribosomes
Explanation: Peptide synthesis inside a cell takes place in the ribosomes. Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, where amino acids are…
Correct answer: Ribosomes- A. Vacuole
- B. Golgi apparatus
- C. Plastid
- D. Lysosome
Explanation: The correct answer is the Golgi apparatus. This organelle is key in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or…
Correct answer: Golgi apparatus