Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 6 of 124
- A. Phloem
- B. Parenchyma
- C. Xylem
- D. None of the above
Explanation: Phloem transports organic food, mainly sucrose made during photosynthesis, from source tissues to growing or storage regions of the plant.
Correct answer: Phloem- A. Phloem
- B. Xylem
- C. Parenchyma
- D. Collenchyma
Explanation: Phloem is the living vascular tissue that transports sugars and other organic nutrients from sources such as leaves to consuming or…
Correct answer: Phloem- A. Necrosis
- B. Apoptosis
- C. Blood cancer
- D. All of these
Explanation: Apoptosis is programmed cell death, in which a cell is removed through a controlled sequence that usually avoids inflammation.
Correct answer: Apoptosis- A. herb
- B. tree
- C. grass
- D. None of these
Explanation: Banana is a giant herb because its apparent trunk is a pseudostem formed from tightly packed leaf bases, not a true woody stem.
Correct answer: herb- A. Shape
- B. Size
- C. Structure
- D. Fundamental organization
Explanation: Cells in an organism differ greatly in shape, size and specialized structures, but they share a basic cellular organization such as a…
Correct answer: Fundamental organization- A. Hydra
- B. Crabs
- C. Squids
- D. Earthworm
Explanation: Hydra is diploblastic because its embryo develops two germ layers, ectoderm and endoderm, separated by mesoglea.
Correct answer: Hydra- A. Rana tigrina
- B. Allium cepa
- C. Aspergillus
- D. None of these
Explanation: The scientific name of onion is Allium cepa, with Allium as the genus and cepa as the species name.
Correct answer: Allium cepa- A. Passive Transport
- B. Osmosis
- C. Active Transport
- D. Diffusion
Explanation: Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient and requires energy, usually from ATP, through membrane transport…
Correct answer: Active Transport- A. Cell wall
- B. Cell membrane
- C. Boundary
- D. Nuclear envelop
Explanation: The nuclear envelope is a double membrane surrounding the nucleus and separating its contents from the cytoplasm.
Correct answer: Nuclear envelop- A. Suckers
- B. corms
- C. corals
- D. None
Explanation: Chrysanthemum can be propagated vegetatively by suckers, which are shoots arising from the base of the plant and capable of forming…
Correct answer: Suckers- A. Apoptotic bodies
- B. Necrosis bodies
- C. Tuberculosis bodies
- D. Cytokinetic bodies
Explanation: During apoptosis, the cell breaks into membrane-bound fragments called apoptotic bodies, which are then removed by phagocytic cells.
Correct answer: Apoptotic bodies- A. 20 to 35 billion cells
- B. 50 to 70 billion cells
- C. 10 to 20 billion cells
- D. 15 to 25 billion cells
Explanation: Apoptosis continuously removes approximately 50 to 70 billion cells per day in an adult, balancing the production of new cells and…
Correct answer: 50 to 70 billion cells- A. lysosomes
- B. Vacuoles
- C. Cytoplasm
- D. Golgi bodies
Explanation: During necrosis, damaged cells lose membrane integrity and lysosomal enzymes are released, digesting cellular components and surrounding…
Correct answer: lysosomes- A. Irregular in shape
- B. Convex in shape
- C. Long and cylindrical in shape
- D. Kidney-shaped
Explanation: In most dicot plants, guard cells are kidney-shaped and change their turgor to open or close the stomatal pore.
Correct answer: Kidney-shaped- A. Wind
- B. Insects
- C. Water
- D. Rain
Explanation: Wind-pollinated flowers commonly have long, flexible filaments with pendulous anthers so pollen can be shaken into the air.
Correct answer: Insects- A. No scent
- B. Irregular shape
- C. No pedicles
- D. No petals
Explanation: A sessile flower is attached directly to the stem or inflorescence and therefore has no pedicel, the stalk of an individual flower.
Correct answer: No pedicles- A. Maize
- B. Sword bean seed
- C. Broad bean seed
- D. Corn
Explanation: In epigeal germination, the hypocotyl elongates and lifts the cotyledons above the soil; sword bean is an example.
Correct answer: Sword bean seed- A. Regular shape
- B. Circular shape
- C. Triangular shape
- D. Cone shape
Explanation: Acetabularia mediterranea develops a cap with a regular shape, which distinguishes it from species with differently shaped caps.
Correct answer: Regular shape- A. Fungi
- B. Protist
- C. Multicellular alga
- D. Unicellular alga
Explanation: Acetabularia is a giant unicellular green alga, so a single cell performs all of its life processes despite its large size.
Correct answer: Unicellular alga- A. Binary fission
- B. Conjugation
- C. Encystment
- D. Endomixis
Explanation: Amoeba survives unfavourable conditions by forming a resistant cyst, a process called encystment.
Correct answer: Encystment