Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 43 of 124
- A. Polar side
- B. None of these
- C. Non-polar side
- D. Both of these
Explanation: In the plasma membrane, the fatty acid is always attached at the non-polar end.
Correct answer: Non-polar side- A. Mitochondria
- B. Lysosomes
- C. Chloroplast
- D. Cell membrane
Explanation: Widespread damage to mitochondria causes cells to die because of insufficient energy production.
Correct answer: Mitochondria- A. None of these
- B. Both primary and secondary cell wall
- C. Primary cell wall
- D. Secondary cell wall
Explanation: The primary cell wall facilitates the transport of water, nutrients, and allows upright growth in plants.
Correct answer: Primary cell wall- A. Actin
- B. Myosin
- C. Tubulin
- D. Keratin
Explanation: Microtubules are made up of tubulin dimers (α and β). Tubulin is a type of polypeptide.
Correct answer: Tubulin- A. 3
- B. 2
- C. 5
- D. 6
Explanation: The ribosome is a cell organelle that is present in large numbers in all living cells and serves as the site of protein synthesis via…
Correct answer: 2- A. 5 mM
- B. 0.02 mM
- C. 1 mM
- D. 0.5 mM
Explanation: 1 mM is the threshold concentration at which the ribosomal units can either or detach.
Correct answer: 1 mM- A. Chloroplast
- B. Mitochondria
- C. Endoplasmic reticulum
- D. Nucleus
Explanation: The nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle. The membrane of the nucleus is called the nuclear envelope and is composed of an inner…
Correct answer: Nucleus- A. Chromoplast
- B. Leucoplast
- C. None of these
- D. Chloroplast
Explanation: Leucoplasts are colorless plastids that store starch or lipids. Chloroplasts contain a green-colored pigment called chlorophyll and are…
Correct answer: Leucoplast- A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- C. Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum both
- D. Mitochondria
Explanation: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is connected to the nuclear membrane whereas the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is connected to the cell…
Correct answer: Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum both- A. Exocytosis
- B. Pyrolysis
- C. Phagocytosis
- D. Endocytosis
Explanation: Exocytosis is a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through the fusion of the vacuole membrane…
Correct answer: Exocytosis- A. None of these
- B. Chloroplast
- C. Vacuoles
- D. Mitochondria
Explanation: Chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own genetic material and can synthesize their own proteins so they are self-replicating…
Correct answer: Vacuoles- A. Mitochondria
- B. Nucleolus
- C. Ribosome
- D. Golgi apparatus
Explanation: The nucleolus is a dark membrane-less structure present inside the nucleus which is responsible for the production and assembly of…
Correct answer: Nucleolus- A. Carboxylic acids
- B. Carbohydrates
- C. Proteins
- D. Lipids
Explanation: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of protein and lipid synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism.
Correct answer: Carboxylic acids- A. Endoplasmic reticulum
- B. Nucleolus
- C. Nucleus
- D. Ribosomes
Explanation: Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles. They do not synthesize proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Correct answer: Ribosomes- A. Cell wall
- B. Slime
- C. Capsule
- D. Cell membrane
Explanation: Cell envelope includes capsule, slime and cell wall. The bacterial envelope contains a cell wall made up of peptidoglycans and a bilayer…
Correct answer: Cell membrane- A. 2
- B. 3
- C. No similar proteins
- D. 1
Explanation: The ribosomes must start from the start codon in order to begin translating the protein.
Correct answer: No similar proteins- A. Chloroplasts
- B. Mitochondria
- C. Mesosomes
- D. Peroxisomes
Explanation: The main respiratory action occurs in mitochondria, thus mitochondrial matrix and membranes usually enclose respiratory enzymes.
Correct answer: Mitochondria- A. One
- B. Two
- C. Five
- D. Six
Explanation: Mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell, can be divided into two major compartments: inter-membrane space and matrix.
Correct answer: Two- A. Cell wall and cell membrane
- B. Cell membrane
- C. Cell wall
- D. Cytoplasm
Explanation: Protoplasts are those cells that have their cell wall removed. The cell wall is removed by the action of digestive enzymes like cellulase…
Correct answer: Cell wall- A. Detoxification of harmful drugs.
- B. Synthesis of phospholipids for plasma membrane.
- C. Synthesis of membrane proteins.
- D. Synthesis of steroid hormones from cholesterol.
Explanation: Protein synthesis is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and not of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Correct answer: Synthesis of membrane proteins.