Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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661. Meiosis II performs:
- A. Separation of sex chromosomes
- B. Synthesis of DNA and centromere
- C. Separation of homologous chromosomes
- D. Separation of chromatids
Explanation: Meiosis II is shorter than the typical mitotic division because of the shortening of the prophase of this division.
Correct answer: Separation of chromatids- A. 2
- B. 3
- C. 4
- D. 6
Explanation: Each kinetochore gets 2 fibers in mitosis. It can be seen clearly in the figure that 2 spindle fibers attach to each kinetochore.
Correct answer: 2- A. Interphase
- B. Prophase
- C. G0 Phase
- D. G1 Phase
- E. Mitotic Phase
Explanation: Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle during which the cell is preparing for cell division (mitosis) or, in the case of cells that do…
Correct answer: Interphase- A. Karyokinesis
- B. Karyotyping
- C. Nuclear Budding
- D. Nuclear Fragmentation
- E. Nuclear Localization
Explanation: Nuclear fragmentation refers to the process in which the nucleus of a cell undergoes fragmentation or breaks into smaller pieces.
Correct answer: Nuclear Fragmentation- A. Karyokinesis
- B. Karyolysis
- C. Nuclear Budding
- D. Nuclear Localization
- E. Nuclear Fragmentation
Explanation: Nuclear budding is a mechanism used by certain fungi, yeast, and other unicellular organisms as a means of asexual reproduction, allowing…
Correct answer: Nuclear Budding- A. Cell Induction
- B. Necrosis
- C. Inflammation
- D. Apoptosis
- E. Cellular Dysgenesis
Explanation: Apoptosis, often referred to as programmed cell death or cellular suicide, is a highly regulated and essential process in multicellular…
Correct answer: Apoptosis- A. Autophagy
- B. Necrosis
- C. Inflammation
- D. Apoptosis
- E. Amitosis
Explanation: The death of living cells that results from ischemic tissue injury is typically referred to as "necrosis." Ischemic tissue injury occurs…
Correct answer: Necrosis- A. Prophase ➝ Anaphase ➝ Metaphase ➝ Telophase
- B. Prophase➝ Metaphase➝ Anaphase➝ Telophase
- C. Metaphase➝ Anaphase➝ Prophase➝ Telophase
- D. Telophase➝ Prophase➝ Anaphase➝ Metaphase
- E. Anaphase➝ Prophase➝ Telophase➝ Metaphase
Explanation: Karyokinesis can further be divided into prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase for thorough understanding, though it is a…
Correct answer: Prophase➝ Metaphase➝ Anaphase➝ Telophase669. The process during which cells carry out self-destruction in the absence of survival signals is:
- A. Autophagy
- B. Heterophagy
- C. Inflammation
- D. Necrosis
- E. Apoptosis
Explanation: Autophagy is a cellular process that plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular health and homeostasis.
Correct answer: Autophagy- A. Interphase
- B. Prophase
- C. Metaphase
- D. Anaphase
- E. Telophase
Explanation: Prophase is a crucial stage in both mitosis and meiosis, the two processes of cell division.
Correct answer: Prophase- A. Continuous spindle fibres
- B. Long spindle fibres
- C. Half spindle fibres
- D. Astral fibres
- E. Discontinuous spindle fibres
Explanation: Astral fibers, also known as astral microtubules, are a type of microtubule involved in cell division, particularly in mitosis and…
Correct answer: Astral fibres- A. Continuous spindle fibres
- B. Half spindle fibres
- C. Discontinuous spindle fibres
- D. Astral fibres
- E. All are incorrect
Explanation: Continuous spindle fibers are microtubules that attach to the centromeres of chromosomes.
Correct answer: Continuous spindle fibres- A. Interphase
- B. Prophase
- C. Metaphase
- D. Anaphase
- E. Telophase
Explanation: Metaphase is a stage in both mitosis and meiosis, two processes of cell division.
Correct answer: Metaphase- A. Interphase
- B. Prophase
- C. Metaphase
- D. Anaphase
- E. Telophase
Explanation: Anaphase is a stage in both mitosis and meiosis, two fundamental processes of cell division.
Correct answer: Anaphase- A. Interphase
- B. Prophase
- C. Metaphase
- D. Anaphase
- E. Telophase
Explanation: Telophase is the final stage of both mitosis and meiosis, two fundamental processes of cell division.
Correct answer: Telophase- A. Amphi-astral
- B. Anastral
- C. Uni-astral
- D. Pro-astral
- E. Poly-astral
Explanation: The most prevalent type of mitosis in animal cells is "Amphi-astral," as it ensures accurate and equal segregation of genetic material…
Correct answer: Amphi-astral- A. Amphi-astral
- B. Anastral
- C. Uni-astral
- D. Pro-astral
- E. Poly-astral
Explanation: So, to summarize, plant cells typically undergo "Anastral" mitosis, which is characterized by the absence of a central organizing…
Correct answer: Anastral- A. Syphilis
- B. Leprosy
- C. Cancers
- D. Small pox
- E. Erythema Nodosum
Explanation: Mutations of cellular genes that control cell growth and cell mitosis can lead to various health conditions, but not all of the options…
Correct answer: Cancers- A. Zygotene
- B. Diplotene
- C. Pachytene
- D. Leptotene
- E. Diakinesis
Explanation: Let's go through each of these sub-stages of meiosis and see which one initiates the process:1.
Correct answer: Leptotene- A. Leptotene
- B. Zygotene
- C. Pachytene
- D. Diplotene
- E. Diakinesis
Explanation: Leptotene: This is the first sub-stage of meiosis. During leptotene, chromosomes condense and become visible as long, thread-like…
Correct answer: Zygotene