Free Cell Structure and Function MCQs with Answers
2,478 Cell Structure and Function MCQs from Biology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
Animal, plant, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compared through their membranes, cell walls, nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles. The work includes the structures and functions of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes, as well as chromosome organization and the distinction between chromatin and chromosomes.
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Read the Cell Structure and Function notesFree MDCAT chapter notes with key terms2,478 questions · page 103 of 124
- A. Telocentric
- B. Sub-metacentric
- C. Metacentric
- D. Acrocentric
Explanation: Chromosomes are classified according to the position of the centromere.
Correct answer: Acrocentric2042. At the beginning of translation, a tRNA molecule carrying a chemically modified _ binds to the _:
- A. Methionine, Small ribosomal subunit
- B. Methionine, Large ribosomal subunit
- C. Tyrosine, Large ribosomal subunit
- D. Tyrosine, Small ribosomal subunit
Explanation: In prokaryotes polypeptides synthesis begins with the formation of the initiation complex.
Correct answer: Methionine, Small ribosomal subunit- A. Aminoacyl site
- B. Exit site
- C. Peptyidyl site
- D. A-site
Explanation: 'E' site is the exit site where empty tRNAs will exit the chromosome. Option B is correct because the site of the ribosome where empty…
Correct answer: Exit site- A. Elongation factor
- B. Release factor
- C. Initiation factor
- D. tRNA synthetase
Explanation: Initiation factors are proteins that bind to the small subunit of the ribosome during the initiation of translation, a part of protein…
Correct answer: Initiation factor- A. mRNA, Anticodon
- B. mRNA, codon
- C. tRNA, Anticodon
- D. tRNA, codon
Explanation: After the formation of the initiation complex, the large ribosomal subunit binds the tRNA molecule with the appropriate anticodon.
Correct answer: tRNA, Anticodon- A. mRNA codon, A-site
- B. mRNA codon, P-site
- C. rRNA, A-site
- D. rRNA, P-Site
Explanation: Elongation factors are sets of proteins that are used in protein synthesis in the process of the cell cycle and elongation in some cells.
Correct answer: mRNA codon, A-site- A. A
- B. P
- C. U
- D. E
Explanation: The movement of ribosomes along the mRNA molecule in the 5' → 3' direction translocates the initial tRNA to the E site and ejects it from…
Correct answer: E- A. Initiation
- B. Start
- C. Non-sense
- D. Anti-sense
Explanation: The nonsense codon, also called stop or termination codons, does not encode any genetic information (amino acid), thus they are not…
Correct answer: Non-sense- A. Copy, mould
- B. Cast, mould
- C. Model, mould
- D. Model, Copy
Explanation: In semi-conservative replication, each original strand of the DNA duplex serves as a model for the synthesis of a complementary strand…
Correct answer: Model, mould- A. Primary structure is conserved
- B. Secondary structure is conserved
- C. Primary structure is changed
- D. Primary structure is disrupted
Explanation: In the process of semi-conservative replication, the primary structure is conserved.
Correct answer: Primary structure is conserved- A. Be disrupted
- B. Remain intact
- C. Be opened
- D. Remain partially intact
Explanation: According to conservative replication, the entire parental DNA duplex is conserved, and a completely new duplex is formed.
Correct answer: Remain intact- A. Conservative
- B. Semi conservative
- C. Dispersive
- D. Semi-dispersive
Explanation: The model of DNA replication in which parental DNA would become completely dispersed, and each strand of all the daughter molecules would…
Correct answer: Dispersive- A. Rapid cell division
- B. Lack of nutrition
- C. Fast mutation
- D. Lack of oxygen
Explanation: Cancerous cells are the cells that undergo rapid cell division. These cells are destroyed by X-ray radiation.
Correct answer: Rapid cell division- A. RNA virus converts its RNA to DNA
- B. There are no host cells present
- C. Nutrients are scarce
- D. Spikes are forming in the new virus
Explanation: Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that allows the conversion of RNA into DNA.
Correct answer: RNA virus converts its RNA to DNA- A. Vinca rosea
- B. Vicia faba
- C. Drosophila melanogaster
- D. E. coli
Explanation: Taylor conducted his experiment on treated root tip cells of Vicia faba and treated them with radioactive thymidine (3H) to label the…
Correct answer: Vicia faba- A. The lagging strand towards the replication fork
- B. The leading strand away from replication fork
- C. The lagging strand away from the replication fork
- D. The leading strand towards the replication fork
Explanation: A lagging strand is a replicated strand of DNA that is formed in short segments called Okazaki fragments. Its growth is discontinuous.
Correct answer: The lagging strand away from the replication fork- A. tRNA
- B. mRNA
- C. miRNA
- D. rRNA
Explanation: The most abundant RNA molecule in a cell is typically ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
Correct answer: rRNA- A. Muton
- B. Cistron
- C. Operon
- D. Recon
Explanation: Cistron (or gene) is a length of DNA that contains the information for coding a specific polypeptide chain or a functional RNA molecule…
Correct answer: Cistron- A. 5S rRNA
- B. 18S rRNA
- C. 23S rRNA
- D. 5.8S rRNA
Explanation: The 23s rRNA is a structural RNA present in the ribosomes and a ribozyme that catalyses the formation of peptide bonds during translation…
Correct answer: 23S rRNA- A. Heterocyclic nitrogenous bases
- B. Chargaff's rule
- C. Complementary base pairing
- D. 5' phosphoryl and 3' hydroxyl ends
Explanation: Chargaff's rules are applicable only to double-stranded DNA molecules. These are not applicable to single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules.
Correct answer: Chargaff's rule