Free Logical Deductions MCQs with Answers

11. Five friends are ranked by marks. Ali scored more than Bilal but less than Chand. Danish scored more than Chand. Who scored the highest among these four?

• A. Ali
• B. Bilal
• C. Chand
• D. Danish

Explanation: The chain runs Bilal below Ali, Ali below Chand and Chand below Danish, so Danish is at the top. Writing the names in a single line from lowest to highest as each clue is read prevents confusion. Ranking questions are almost always solved by building one ordered line.

12. Statements: All doctors are graduates. No graduate is illiterate. Which conclusion follows?

• A. Some doctors are illiterate
• B. No doctor is illiterate
• C. All graduates are doctors
• D. Some graduates are illiterate

Explanation: Doctors lie wholly within graduates, and graduates are wholly excluded from the illiterate group, so doctors are excluded too. The third option reverses the first premise, which is invalid, and the fourth contradicts the second premise outright. Chaining an all statement with a no statement always yields a no conclusion.

13. If all Zips are Zaps, and no Zap is a Zop, then

• A. some Zips are Zops
• B. no Zip is a Zop
• C. all Zops are Zips
• D. some Zaps are Zops

Explanation: Nonsense words are used deliberately so that the answer depends only on the structure and not on any real world knowledge. Zips sit inside Zaps, and Zaps are entirely separate from Zops, so no Zip can be a Zop. Treating the terms as pure symbols is the correct approach.

14. A is the father of B. B is the sister of C. C is the daughter of D. Which statement must be true?

• A. A and D are married or are the parents of the same children
• B. A is the brother of D
• C. C is the son of A
• D. B and D are siblings

Explanation: B and C are sisters and daughters of the same family, so A as the father and D as the other parent must be the parents of both. C being a daughter rules out the third option. Nothing in the clues makes A and D siblings, and B is a child of D rather than a sibling.

15. Some pens are red. All red things are visible. Which conclusion follows?

• A. Some pens are visible
• B. All pens are visible
• C. No pen is visible
• D. All visible things are pens

Explanation: The red pens must be visible, which establishes that some pens are visible, but the pens that are not red remain unaccounted for. A some premise can only support a some conclusion. Reversing the second premise is invalid, as always.

16. Unless you submit the form, your application will be rejected. Your application was not rejected. Which conclusion follows?

• A. You submitted the form
• B. You did not submit the form
• C. The form was lost
• D. Nothing follows

Explanation: Unless means if not, so the statement says that not submitting leads to rejection, and since rejection did not occur, the form must have been submitted. Rewriting unless sentences as if not is the reliable way to handle them. This is modus tollens applied to the rewritten conditional.

17. In a row of 25 students, Sana is 9th from the left. What is her position from the right?

• A. 16th
• B. 17th
• C. 15th
• D. 18th

Explanation: The position from the right is the total minus the position from the left plus one, so 25 minus 9 plus 1 gives 17. Omitting the plus one yields 16, which is the trap in the first option. The formula follows from the same double counting logic as the earlier queue question.

18. All the members of the team are from Lahore. Some people from Lahore are engineers. Which conclusion follows?

• A. Some team members are engineers
• B. All team members are engineers
• C. No definite conclusion about team members being engineers can be drawn
• D. All engineers are from Lahore

Explanation: The engineers among Lahore's population might all fall outside the team, so nothing definite follows about the team at all. This is the same structural point as the earlier cats and wild animals question, dressed in different words. Recognising the shape of a syllogism matters more than its subject.

19. P is heavier than Q. R is lighter than Q. S is heavier than P. Who is the lightest?

• A. P
• B. Q
• C. R
• D. S

Explanation: The chain gives R lighter than Q, Q lighter than P and P lighter than S, so the order from lightest is R, Q, P, S. Building one line and inserting each new name as its clue is read keeps the ordering straight. R sits at the bottom of that line.

20. If no scientist is dishonest, and some teachers are scientists, which conclusion is valid?

• A. Some teachers are not dishonest
• B. No teacher is dishonest
• C. All teachers are scientists
• D. Some scientists are teachers only

Explanation: The teachers who are scientists must be honest, so at least some teachers are not dishonest, while the remaining teachers are unknown. Extending this to all teachers is the classic overreach. A some premise limits the conclusion to some, whatever the other premise says.