Which assessment is commonly used to detect early kidney damage in a person with diabetes?
Correct answer: A. Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio
- A. Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio
- B. Chest radiograph after a meal
- C. Peak flow measurement before sleep
- D. Hearing test after physical activity
Explanation
Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio can identify albumin leakage associated with diabetic kidney disease before advanced symptoms appear. Chest radiography, peak flow and hearing tests assess different conditions.
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Non-communicable diseases include cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, chronic respiratory disease and other long-term conditions linked to genetic, behavioral and environmental factors. The focus is on modifiable risk factors, screening, early detection, lifestyle counselling, treatment adherence, rehabilitation and the levels of prevention, rather than infection control.
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