A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease becomes mildly breathless during activity but remains alert and able to speak. Which instruction helps improve exhalation?
Correct answer: A. Breathe in through the nose and out through pursed lips
- A. Breathe in through the nose and out through pursed lips
- B. Breathe rapidly through the mouth during all activity
- C. Hold the breath after each deep inspiration
- D. Lie flat and breathe only through the nose
Explanation
Pursed-lip breathing slows expiration and helps prevent airway collapse during exhalation. Rapid breathing and breath holding can worsen air trapping, while lying flat may increase breathing effort.
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Non-communicable diseases include cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, chronic respiratory disease and other long-term conditions linked to genetic, behavioral and environmental factors. The focus is on modifiable risk factors, screening, early detection, lifestyle counselling, treatment adherence, rehabilitation and the levels of prevention, rather than infection control.
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