Free Veterinary Medicine MCQs with Answers

• A. A rise in hypothalamic temperature set point
• B. A fall in hypothalamic temperature set point
• C. A permanent loss of heat production
• D. A complete stoppage of sweating

Explanation: During fever, pyrogens raise the hypothalamic set point, so the animal responds as if its current temperature is too low.

• A. Reduced skin tent duration
• B. Sunken eyes and dry mucous membranes
• C. Increased rumen contractions
• D. Cool moist muzzle with normal pulse

Explanation: Sunken eyes and dry mucous membranes are common clinical indicators of moderate dehydration in cattle.

• A. Simple indigestion
• B. Vagal indigestion
• C. Ruminal acidosis
• D. Primary ketosis

Explanation: Rapid grain intake increases fermentation of starch and production of lactic acid, causing ruminal acidosis.

• A. Creatinine
• B. Uric acid
• C. Bilirubin
• D. Acetoacetate

Explanation: Acetoacetate is a ketone body that can be detected in urine during bovine ketosis.

• A. The teat canal
• B. The carotid artery
• C. The ruminal wall
• D. The nasal passage

Explanation: Most mastitis pathogens enter the mammary gland through the teat canal and then multiply in the udder tissue.

• A. Type II, antibody-mediated cytotoxic reaction
• B. Type I, IgE-mediated reaction
• C. Type III, immune-complex reaction
• D. Type IV, delayed cellular reaction

Explanation: Anaphylaxis is a type I hypersensitivity reaction involving allergen-specific IgE bound to mast cells and basophils.

• A. Opioid antagonists
• B. Anthelmintic benzimidazoles
• C. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
• D. Ionophore antibiotics

Explanation: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduce prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes, thereby relieving pain, fever…

• A. Respiratory acidosis
• B. Respiratory alkalosis
• C. Metabolic acidosis
• D. Metabolic alkalosis

Explanation: Loss of gastric hydrochloric acid removes hydrogen and chloride ions, which can produce metabolic alkalosis, especially with prolonged…

• A. Pulmonary edema with coughing
• B. Marked abdominal distension only
• C. Persistent polyuria without dyspnea
• D. Isolated hindlimb lameness

Explanation: Left-sided heart failure increases pulmonary venous pressure and may cause pulmonary edema, coughing, and respiratory distress.

• A. It permanently stops intestinal secretion
• B. Sodium and glucose cotransport remains active
• C. It destroys all intestinal bacteria
• D. It replaces plasma proteins directly

Explanation: The sodium-glucose cotransport mechanism in the small intestine often remains functional during diarrhoea, allowing water to follow…

• A. Across the ileal wall
• B. Across the abomasal wall
• C. Across the rumen wall
• D. Across the colonic wall

Explanation: The rumen epithelium absorbs most volatile fatty acids, including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, produced by microbial fermentation.

• A. Filtration of blood proteins
• B. Secretion of pancreatic enzymes
• C. Production of bile salts
• D. Fermentation of structural carbohydrates

Explanation: Rumen bacteria and protozoa ferment cellulose and other feed carbohydrates into volatile fatty acids used by the cow for energy.

• A. It opens glutamate-gated chloride channels
• B. It blocks bacterial cell-wall synthesis
• C. It inhibits fungal ergosterol formation
• D. It prevents protozoal folate production

Explanation: Ivermectin increases chloride ion entry through glutamate-gated chloride channels in parasite nerve and muscle cells, causing paralysis.

• A. Ulcers of the gastric fundus
• B. Necrosis of intestinal crypts
• C. Fibrosis of the pancreatic ducts
• D. Mineralisation of the colon

Explanation: Canine parvovirus attacks rapidly dividing cells, especially intestinal crypt epithelium, causing villous collapse and severe diarrhoea.

• A. During the middle of anoestrus
• B. At the start of dioestrus
• C. Near the end of oestrus
• D. Immediately before pro-oestrus

Explanation: Mares commonly ovulate about one to two days before the end of behavioural oestrus.

• A. Intramuscular magnesium sulphate only
• B. Rapid intravenous potassium chloride
• C. Oral sodium bicarbonate alone
• D. Slow intravenous calcium borogluconate

Explanation: Clinical milk fever is acute hypocalcaemia around calving, and slow intravenous calcium borogluconate rapidly restores circulating…

• A. Negri bodies in neurons
• B. Malassezia colonies in keratin
• C. Spherules in alveoli
• D. Cysts in skeletal muscle

Explanation: Negri bodies are intracytoplasmic inclusions found in neurons in some cases of rabies, especially in the hippocampus and cerebellum.

• A. Mature compact bone
• B. Fibrocartilaginous tissue
• C. Hyaline articular cartilage
• D. Dense elastic ligament

Explanation: A fibrocartilaginous, or soft, callus temporarily stabilises the fracture before it is replaced by woven bone.

• A. Inhibit calcium absorption in bone
• B. Activate opioid receptors in the brain
• C. Block voltage-gated sodium channels
• D. Stimulate acetylcholine release

Explanation: Lidocaine blocks voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve membranes, preventing generation and propagation of action potentials.

• A. Hard tick
• B. Terrestrial earthworm
• C. Freshwater fish
• D. Freshwater lymnaeid snail

Explanation: Fasciola hepatica develops through freshwater lymnaeid snails before infective metacercariae attach to aquatic vegetation.