Free Sampling and Sampling Distributions MCQs with Answers

• A. Nonoverlapped
• B. Overlapped
• C. Same
• D. Not equal

Explanation: Strata must not overlap so that each population member belongs to one and only one stratum.

• A. Individuals
• B. Whole
• C. Universe
• D. None of these

Explanation: In statistics, population means the complete set of units under study, so it is also called the universe.

• A. Sampling
• B. Allocation
• C. Estimate
• D. Population

Explanation: Allocation determines how the total sample is distributed among different strata.

• A. Census
• B. Complete enumeration
• C. Survey
• D. Both A & B

Explanation: Collecting information from every unit of a population is called a census or complete enumeration.

• A. Survey
• B. Sampling
• C. Census
• D. None of these

Explanation: Sampling error results from studying a sample instead of the entire population.

• A. Cluster sampling
• B. Stratified sampling
• C. Simple random sampling
• D. None of theseMarketing

Explanation: Stratified sampling is preferred for a heterogeneous population because it divides the population into relatively homogeneous strata and…

• A. Simple random sampling
• B. Stratified sampling
• C. Cluster sampling
• D. Systematic sampling

Explanation: When population units are reasonably homogeneous, a simple random sample can represent the population without separate subgroup sampling.

• A. Systematic sampling
• B. Cluster sampling
• C. Simple random sampling
• D. Stratified samplingDemographics

Explanation: Cluster sampling is commonly used when an individual-level sampling frame is unavailable but natural groups or geographic areas can be…

• A. Close another
• B. Far a part
• C. Mixed
• D. None of these

Explanation: Cluster sampling is useful when individual units are geographically far apart, because selecting whole clusters reduces travel and…

• A. n > 30
• B. N(1 - p) > 5
• C. 2 n 5
• D. N < 30

Explanation: A common rule of thumb is that n greater than 30 makes the sampling distribution of the mean approximately normal, especially when the…

• A. ux - x2
• B. u1 - u2
• C. 6x - x2
• D. 6×2 - x2

Explanation: Expectation is linear, so E(X₁ − X₂) = E(X₁) − E(X₂) = μ₁ − μ₂. This remains true even when the two variables are not independent.

• A. Standard error of statistics
• B. Sampling error of statistics
• C. Sampling distribution of statistics
• D. None of these

Explanation: The standard deviation of a statistic's sampling distribution measures its typical sampling-to-sampling variation and is called the…

• A. Sometimes normal for all sample sizes
• B. Sometimes normal for large sample sizes
• C. Always normal for all sample sizes
• D. Always normal for large sample sizes

Explanation: By the central limit theorem, the sampling distribution of the sample mean becomes approximately normal for large samples, regardless of…

• A. Probabilistic sampling
• B. Stratified sampling
• C. No probabilistic sampling
• D. Cluster sampling

Explanation: Convenience sampling selects units because they are easy to reach rather than giving every unit a known chance of selection.

• A. 4
• B. 8
• C. 16
• D. 32

Explanation: With replacement, each of the 2 selections has 4 possible outcomes, so the total number of ordered samples is 4 × 4 = 16.

• A. Increasing the sample size
• B. Decreasing the sample size
• C. Increasing population s.d.
• D. None of these

Explanation: A larger sample usually gives a more stable estimate and reduces sampling variability, with standard error decreasing roughly as the…

• A. Only once
• B. More than once
• C. Less than once
• D. None

Explanation: In sampling with replacement, a selected unit is returned to the population before the next draw.

• A. Systematic
• B. Cluster
• C. Stratified
• D. Judgment

Explanation: Judgment sampling selects items based on the investigator's or purchaser's assessment rather than by a random mechanism.

• A. Biased sampling
• B. Non-prob.sampling
• C. Less than sampling
• D. Representative sampling

Explanation: Non-random sampling does not give every population unit a known or equal chance of selection, so it is commonly called non-probability…

• A. A sample
• B. A sample statistic
• C. A population
• D. A population parameter

Explanation: A sampling distribution describes how a statistic, such as a sample mean or proportion, varies across all possible samples from a…