All Free Sociology MCQs with Answers

• A. Demography
• B. Ecology
• C. Popology
• D. Stratification

Explanation: Demography systematically studies population size, composition, distribution and changes over time. Ecology examines relationships between organisms and their environment, so it is broader and not the precise term here.

• A. High birth rate and low death rate in its first phase
• B. High death rate and low birth rate in its first phase
• C. High birth rate and high death rate in its first phase
• D. None of theseDeath & Tragedy

Explanation: The first phase of demographic transition combines high birth rates with high death rates, so population growth remains limited. Death rates fall before birth rates in the second phase, creating rapid population growth.

• A. Malthusianism
• B. demography
• C. forecasting
• D. official statisticsDemographics

Explanation: Demography measures and explains population size, structure and distribution, including changes in these features. Malthusianism is a theory about population growth and its relationship with resources, not the general science of population measurement.

• A. a reduction in population size caused by a higher rate of emigration than immigration
• B. a change in the principal causes of death and disease since industrialization
• C. increased birth and death rates resulting in a relatively young population
• D. a decline in the birth rate greater life expectancy and an ageing populationDeath & Tragedy

Explanation: Demographic transition involves falling death rates followed by falling birth rates, increased life expectancy and an ageing population. It does not mean that both birth and death rates increase together.

• A. China
• B. Bangladesh
• C. Iran
• D. Tunisia

Explanation: China has experienced a negative natural population growth rate in recent years because deaths have exceeded births. The other listed countries have not been the standard example of a negative birth or natural growth rate in this question’s context.

• A. deindustrialization
• B. downsizing
• C. post industrialization
• D. "banana time"

Explanation: Deindustrialization means the systematic decline or withdrawal of investment from manufacturing capacity such as factories and plants. Downsizing usually refers to reducing an organisation’s workforce, while post-industrialisation describes a broader shift toward services.

• A. Its population exceeds set limit
• B. Its resources fail to cope with its requirement
• C. None of these
• D. Both of these

Explanation: Overpopulation is determined by the relationship between population and available resources, especially when resources cannot meet people’s needs. A population exceeding an arbitrary set limit is not by itself sufficient because carrying capacity differs between societies.

• A. unemployment
• B. Inflation
• C. Poverty
• D. All of the above

Explanation: When population grows faster than jobs, incomes, and essential goods, it can increase unemployment, poverty, and price pressures such as inflation. The broad wording makes all three listed outcomes relevant.

• A. Available acreage
• B. Improved technology
• C. Motivation to achieve
• D. None of these

Explanation: Improved technology raises productivity, allowing food, goods, and services to grow alongside a rising population even when land is limited. Acreage alone cannot ensure economic growth because its output depends on technology and productivity.

• A. 35 years
• B. 75 years
• C. 100 years
• D. None of these

Explanation: The older demographic projection used in this item estimated a world-population doubling time of about 35 years, based on rapid population growth rates. Doubling time changes as fertility and mortality rates change, so this is a period-specific projection.