All Free Sociology MCQs with Answers
Every Sociology question in the bank, across all chapters, each with the correct answer and a written explanation. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
1258 questions · page 48 of 126
471. Which of the following vehicles emits the most carbon per passenger per kilometer ?
- A. single-occupancy light truck
- B. high-occupancy city bus
- C. long-haul aero plane
- D. high-speed coal-fired train
Explanation: A single-occupancy light truck usually produces the highest carbon emissions per passenger-kilometre because one person bears the vehicle's fuel emissions. Buses and trains spread emissions across many passengers, while aircraft emissions vary by aircraft and occupancy.
Correct answer: single-occupancy light truck472. Which one of these statements is correct _______________?
- A. global warming is simply another term for the greenhouse effect
- B. global warming is a problem caused mainly by unregulated industrialization in the developing countries
- C. global warming is the rise in average temperature at Earth's surface
- D. global warming is an entirely natural phenomenon
Explanation: Global warming means the long-term rise in Earth's average surface temperature. The greenhouse effect is the heat-trapping atmospheric process, and global warming is not simply identical to that process or exclusively a natural phenomenon.
Correct answer: global warming is the rise in average temperature at Earth's surface473. Which perspective on environmental issues tends to adopt an agnostic stance towards the severity of the problem itself ?
- A. critical realism
- B. social constructionism
- C. structural Marxism
- D. ecofeminism
Explanation: Social constructionism examines how society defines and frames environmental problems rather than deciding independently how severe they objectively are. This makes it relatively agnostic about the problem's actual severity, unlike critical realism.
Correct answer: social constructionism474. Environmental issues were central to the work of_____________?
- A. Karl Marx
- B. Emile Durkheim
- C. Max Weber
- D. None of these
Explanation: Marx, Durkheim and Weber discussed society's relationship with nature, but environmental issues were not a central, distinct focus of any of their major sociological programmes. Therefore, none of these is the best answer.
Correct answer: None of these475. Urban gentrification is an example of____________?
- A. segregation
- B. invasion
- C. redlining
- D. none of these
Explanation: Invasion describes a new social group moving into an area and altering its population and land use; gentrification commonly involves wealthier residents entering and transforming a lower-income neighbourhood. Segregation and redlining are related urban processes but do not define gentrification.
Correct answer: invasion476. Which model of city growth describes the city as a central business district surrounded by a zone in transition than a zone of workingmen's homes residential zones, and the commuters. zone ?
- A. the multiple nuclei model
- B. the sector models
- C. the concentric circle models
- D. the social area analysis model
Explanation: Burgess's concentric-zone model places the central business district at the centre, followed by a zone in transition, working-class housing and commuter suburbs. The multiple-nuclei and sector models organise urban space differently.
Correct answer: the concentric circle models477. Coercive and punitive measures to reduce fertility have aroused considerable indignation among many citizens in Western nations. Such measures have included_____________?
- A. Italy's practice of punishing couples who have two or more children.
- B. china's practice of fining a woman who is pregnant with a second child 20 per cent of her pay if she refuses to have an abortion.
- C. France's elimination of tax deductions for families with more than two children.
- D. Brazil's refusal to grant a divorce to couples with children
Explanation: China's coercive population-control policy included financial penalties for unauthorised pregnancies and pressure to terminate them. The other examples do not accurately describe well-known national fertility-control practices.
Correct answer: china's practice of fining a woman who is pregnant with a second child 20 per cent of her pay if she refuses to have an abortion.478. According to demographic transition theory, both birth and death rates are high in which stages of demographic transition ?
- A. the first stage
- B. the second stage
- C. the third stage
- D. the first and third stage
Explanation: In the first, preindustrial stage of demographic transition, high fertility is offset by high mortality, so population growth remains low. Death rates fall first in the second stage, while birth rates decline later.
Correct answer: the first stage479. According to Malthus____________?
- A. human populations tend to increase more slowly than their ability to increase the food supply.
- B. agricultural production increases in a geometric fashion.
- C. people could use "moral restraint" to reduce the birth rate.
- D. famine war and pestilence are social problems that a population can overcome.
Explanation: Malthus argued that population tends to grow geometrically while food supply grows arithmetically, creating checks such as famine and disease. He also recognised 'moral restraint', meaning delayed marriage or abstinence, as a preventive check on births.
Correct answer: people could use "moral restraint" to reduce the birth rate.480. The _______ is the number of deaths per 1000 inhabitants in specific age group ?
- A. crude death rate
- B. age-specific death rate
- C. infant mortality rate
- D. targeted mortality rate
Explanation: The age-specific death rate measures deaths per 1,000 people within a specified age group. The crude death rate covers the whole population, while infant mortality is limited to deaths among infants.
Correct answer: age-specific death rate