All Free Sociology MCQs with Answers

• A. a restriction in the amount of information available to the general public
• B. a plateauing of the amount of automation the workplace
• C. a centralized accumulation of power in the hands of those who have access to computers
• D. an increased involvement in society by people with disabilities

Explanation: The computer revolution can concentrate economic and political power among people and institutions with access to advanced information technology, creating a digital divide. Increased access may help people with disabilities, but it is not the broad structural effect identified here.

• A. try to predict the course of a civilization or society
• B. focus on analyzing a single society at a time
• C. believe that cultures pass through stages of growth quite different from the ones individuals pass through
• D. postulate that each culture possesses a life span of approximately 200 years

Explanation: Cyclical theorists examine the recurring rise, development, decline, and possible replacement of civilisations or societies, so they attempt to trace and predict a civilisation's course. They do not generally assign every culture one fixed lifespan such as 200 years.

• A. clashes over resources and values
• B. diffusion
• C. the mass media
• D. innovationPeople & Society

Explanation: The computer and internet are innovations, meaning newly developed technologies or practices that alter social life. Diffusion refers instead to the spread of an existing innovation from one society or group to another.

• A. Planning
• B. Diffusion
• C. Social struggle
• D. None of these

Explanation: Diffusion spreads cultural traits, ideas and practices from one group or society to another, making it a major source of cultural change in modern interconnected societies. Planning may direct change, but diffusion commonly produces it as an unintended by-product.

• A. Automobile
• B. Radio
• C. both a and b
• D. None of these

Explanation: Dispersion means that one invention produces several effects across society. The automobile affects transport, roads, industry and settlement patterns, while radio affects communication, entertainment, politics and advertising, so both examples fit.

• A. Priceless
• B. Costly
• C. Ineffective
• D. None of these

Explanation: Social change is nearly always costly because new arrangements disrupt established habits, institutions and interests, producing adjustment expenses and resistance. Its benefits may appear later, but the transition usually imposes costs on some groups.

• A. material invention
• B. Social Invention
• C. both of these
• D. None of these

Explanation: A democratic government is an organised social arrangement or institution rather than a physical object, so it is classified as a social invention. Material inventions include tools, machines and other tangible products.

• A. Guided by supernatural wisdom
• B. Stage of disbelief
• C. Stage of scientific progress
• D. None of theseEngineering & Technology

Explanation: Comte's first, or theological, stage explains events through supernatural beings and divine forces, represented here by guidance from supernatural wisdom. It is followed by the metaphysical and then the positive or scientific stage.

• A. Variable
• B. Constant
• C. Problem
• D. None of these

Explanation: The statement expresses the idea that change is the permanent feature of reality, commonly associated with Heraclitus: change is the only constant. A variable changes, but it is not the established philosophical phrase used here.

• A. Overlapping of two concepts
• B. That there is no distinction between both
• C. Changes of both kind
• D. None of these

Explanation: Socio-cultural change combines social and cultural change, so it refers to changes of both kinds. It does not mean that the two concepts lose their separate meanings.