Which of these statements is correct ?
Correct answer: C. causation cannot be inferred directly from correlation
- A. causes and correlations are essentially the same
- B. correlations always lead to causal explanations
- C. causation cannot be inferred directly from correlation
- D. correlations are one-way causal relationships
Explanation
Correlation shows that two variables vary together, but it does not establish that one causes the other. A third factor or reverse direction may explain the relationship, so causal inference requires additional evidence.
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