All Free Political Science MCQs with Answers

• A. The executive remains politically responsible to the legislature
• B. The constitution always has a single written document
• C. The head of state is directly elected by citizens
• D. The judiciary can review legislative decisions

Explanation: In a parliamentary system, the executive usually remains in office only while it retains the confidence of the legislature.

• A. Is directly or indirectly elected for a fixed term
• B. Must always be a member of the legislature
• C. Can be removed by an ordinary vote of no confidence
• D. Exercises only ceremonial powers

Explanation: A president in a presidential system normally has a fixed constitutional term and an electoral mandate separate from the legislature.

• A. Powers are divided constitutionally between central and regional governments
• B. All important powers are concentrated in the national government
• C. Regional governments exercise powers only through delegated authority
• D. Local governments can override national constitutional rules

Explanation: Federalism constitutionally distributes authority between the central government and regional units.

• A. Regional authorities exercise powers delegated by the central government
• B. The constitution permanently divides sovereignty between two levels
• C. States have equal constitutional authority with the national government
• D. Regional legislatures can invalidate national legislation

Explanation: In a unitary system, the central government is constitutionally supreme and may create, reorganise or limit regional authorities.

• A. Assess whether laws comply with the constitution
• B. Draft legislation on behalf of the executive
• C. Conduct elections for the national legislature
• D. Resolve disputes between political parties only

Explanation: Judicial review allows courts to examine legislation or executive action for constitutional compliance.

• A. The government may have to resign or seek a new legislative mandate
• B. The head of state automatically loses office
• C. The judiciary takes control of the cabinet
• D. The legislature is permanently dissolved

Explanation: A successful no-confidence vote shows that the cabinet no longer commands legislative support.

• A. Proportional representation
• B. Single transferable vote only
• C. First-past-the-post
• D. Two-round majority voting

Explanation: Proportional representation aims to distribute seats broadly according to each party's vote share.

• A. A political party seeks governmental power, while a pressure group seeks to influence policy
• B. A political party has members, while a pressure group has no members
• C. A political party operates legally, while a pressure group always operates secretly
• D. A political party represents officials, while a pressure group represents no interests

Explanation: Political parties normally seek to win elections and form or control governments.

• A. The cabinet is collectively responsible to the elected legislature
• B. The president cannot belong to a political party
• C. The legislature has no role in selecting the executive
• D. The executive serves independently of legislative confidence

Explanation: Collective cabinet responsibility to the legislature is a central feature of parliamentary government.

• A. A federal parliamentary republic
• B. A unitary presidential republic
• C. A confederal hereditary monarchy
• D. A federal system without a parliamentary executive

Explanation: The Constitution of 1973 establishes Pakistan as a federal republic with a parliamentary form of government.

• A. A directly elected president shares executive authority with a prime minister
• B. A hereditary monarch exercises executive authority with a cabinet
• C. A legislature appoints all judges for fixed constitutional terms
• D. A cabinet governs without any formal head of state

Explanation: A semi-presidential system combines a directly elected president with a prime minister and cabinet.

• A. To define institutions and limit the exercise of public power
• B. To guarantee that one party wins every election
• C. To replace political parties with administrative bodies
• D. To ensure that courts make all public policy

Explanation: A written constitution sets out the structure, powers and limits of state institutions.

• A. Name a replacement leader before removing the incumbent
• B. Approve the annual budget before dismissing the cabinet
• C. Obtain approval from the head of state before voting
• D. Hold a general election before changing the government

Explanation: A constructive vote of no confidence removes a government only when the legislature simultaneously agrees on a successor.

• A. Coalition governments become more likely
• B. The largest party always gains every seat
• C. Executive power automatically passes to judges
• D. Regional parties are legally excluded from parliament

Explanation: Proportional representation can allow several parties to win legislative seats, especially where electoral thresholds are low.

• A. Receiving more votes than any other candidate
• B. Securing more than half of the national vote
• C. Obtaining the same vote share as the ruling party
• D. Winning a seat through a party list allocation

Explanation: First-past-the-post awards the constituency seat to the candidate with the highest number of votes, even without an absolute majority.

• A. Other parties may compete legally but rarely defeat the dominant party
• B. Only one political party is legally permitted to contest elections
• C. The legislature is abolished and replaced by the judiciary
• D. Political parties operate only during constitutional crises

Explanation: In a dominant-party system, opposition parties may exist and contest elections, but one party repeatedly controls government.

• A. The legislature consists of two separate chambers
• B. The executive is divided between two presidents
• C. The constitution contains two independent documents
• D. The judiciary has two levels of final appeal

Explanation: Bicameralism means that legislative authority is divided between two chambers, such as a lower house and an upper house.

• A. Requires a special procedure for formal amendment
• B. Can be changed by an ordinary legislative majority
• C. Contains no written rules about public institutions
• D. Allows the executive to suspend all laws permanently

Explanation: A rigid constitution is amended through a procedure more demanding than the ordinary lawmaking process.

• A. No single party wins a majority of legislative seats
• B. The head of state inherits office by constitutional rule
• C. Courts invalidate an executive order
• D. One party wins every constituency in an election

Explanation: A coalition cabinet is usually formed when no party has enough legislative seats to govern alone.

• A. A direct vote by citizens on a specific public question
• B. A judicial order that invalidates an election result
• C. A legislative committee that supervises ministers
• D. A private negotiation between political parties

Explanation: A referendum allows citizens to vote directly on a constitutional, legislative or policy issue.