All Free Political Science MCQs with Answers

• A. Influence a target's conduct through economic pressure
• B. Guarantee immediate military defeat of the target
• C. Create a permanent customs union among allies
• D. Replace all diplomatic communication with trade restrictions

Explanation: Sanctions restrict trade, finance or other economic activity to pressure a state or organisation to change its behaviour.

• A. The survival and welfare of individuals
• B. The expansion of a state's territory
• C. The size of a state's armed forces
• D. The protection of diplomatic buildings

Explanation: Human security broadens the focus of security from the state alone to the safety and well-being of people.

• A. A government formed after a military coup
• B. A set of principles, norms and rules for a specific issue area
• C. A secret agreement between two intelligence agencies
• D. A single country's constitutional system

Explanation: An international regime consists of agreed principles, norms, rules and decision procedures within an issue area, such as trade or the…

• A. Manage the global monetary system
• B. Maintain international peace and security
• C. Administer national elections in member states
• D. Set uniform tax rates for international companies

Explanation: The Security Council has primary responsibility within the United Nations system for maintaining international peace and security.

• A. Political and economic cooperation in South Asia
• B. Military integration among European states
• C. A common currency across the Middle East
• D. Worldwide regulation of private corporations

Explanation: The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation promotes cooperation among South Asian countries in areas such as economic and social…

• A. States can achieve cooperation through institutions and interdependence
• B. States mainly seek security through military competition
• C. International politics is shaped only by material capabilities
• D. Domestic culture has no effect on foreign policy

Explanation: Liberalism holds that institutions, economic interdependence and repeated cooperation can reduce conflict among states.

• A. Treaties must be performed in good faith
• B. Treaties must be approved by every state
• C. Treaties must apply only during wartime
• D. Treaties must be reviewed by the United Nations

Explanation: Pacta sunt servanda means that agreements must be kept, so states must perform their treaty obligations in good faith.

• A. Joining or aligning with the stronger power
• B. Remaining neutral during an international crisis
• C. Forming a coalition against the strongest power
• D. Using trade restrictions to change another state's policy

Explanation: Bandwagoning occurs when a weaker state aligns with a powerful state, often to gain protection or avoid becoming its target.

• A. Jus ad bellum concerns entering war, while jus in bello concerns conduct during war
• B. Jus ad bellum concerns diplomacy, while jus in bello concerns economic sanctions
• C. Jus ad bellum concerns treaties, while jus in bello concerns state recognition
• D. Jus ad bellum concerns peacekeeping, while jus in bello concerns refugee protection

Explanation: Jus ad bellum examines whether resorting to force is legally or morally justified.

• A. Administering rules for international trade
• B. Providing military protection to member states
• C. Managing global monetary reserves
• D. Prosecuting individuals for international crimes

Explanation: The World Trade Organization provides a framework for trade rules and handles disputes between its members.

• A. Al-Ahkam al-Sultaniyyah
• B. The Muqaddimah
• C. The Republic
• D. The Reconstruction of Religious Thought

Explanation: Al-Ahkam al-Sultaniyyah explains the caliphate, judicial authority, administration and other public offices in Islamic governance.

• A. Virtuous City
• B. Covenant Community
• C. Caliphal Province
• D. Balanced Kingdom

Explanation: Al-Farabi calls the ideal political community Al-Madinah al-Fadilah, commonly translated as the Virtuous City.

• A. Asabiyyah
• B. Shura
• C. Ijtihad
• D. Bay'ah

Explanation: Ibn Khaldun uses asabiyyah, or group solidarity, to explain how ruling groups gain power and why their cohesion later weakens.

• A. Loses its group solidarity
• B. Adopts written law
• C. Consults religious scholars
• D. Expands judicial offices

Explanation: For Ibn Khaldun, a dynasty declines when luxury and dependence weaken the solidarity that originally brought it to power.

• A. Consultation in public affairs
• B. Allegiance to a ruler
• C. Independent legal reasoning
• D. Collection of public revenue

Explanation: Shura means consultation and indicates that public decisions should involve deliberation and advice.

• A. A pledge of allegiance
• B. A system of taxation
• C. A legal analogy
• D. A military campaign

Explanation: Bay'ah is a pledge of allegiance through which political support or recognition is given to a leader.

• A. Maslahah
• B. Asabiyyah
• C. Futuwwah
• D. Hijrah

Explanation: Maslahah refers to public benefit or welfare and is used in legal and political reasoning to consider the interests of society.

• A. Restore moral and social balance
• B. Separate religion from public life
• C. Replace law with tribal custom
• D. Reject all forms of interpretation

Explanation: Shah Waliullah sought religious renewal and social balance by addressing moral decline, political disorder and economic injustice.

• A. A means of legal renewal
• B. A rejection of legislative authority
• C. A fixed medieval procedure
• D. A purely mystical experience

Explanation: Iqbal treats ijtihad as a principle that allows Islamic legal and political thought to respond to changing circumstances.

• A. The former concerns historical institutions, while the latter concerns contemporary political design
• B. The former rejects law, while the latter creates law without religion
• C. The former is purely economic, while the latter is purely military
• D. The former concerns local tribes, while the latter concerns only foreign policy

Explanation: Classical caliphate theory addresses institutions such as the caliph, allegiance and delegated offices within historical Muslim…