Free Renal Physiology MCQs with Answers
39 Renal Physiology MCQs from Physiology, each with the correct answer and a written explanation of why it is correct. Free and unlimited, with no account needed.
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- A. Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
- B. Afferent arterioles of the glomeruli
- C. Thirst center in the hypothalamus
- D. Distal tubules and collecting ducts in the kidney
Explanation: ADH acts mainly on V2 receptors in the late distal tubules and collecting ducts, inserting aquaporin-2 channels and increasing water…
Correct answer: Distal tubules and collecting ducts in the kidney- A. Adrenaline
- B. Aldosterone
- C. A.D.H. and vasopressin
- D. All of the above
Explanation: Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron, with accompanying water retention and increased potassium secretion.
Correct answer: Aldosterone- A. Loop of henle
- B. DCT
- C. PCT
- D. Vasa recta
Explanation: About 65% of filtered sodium is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule through coupled transport with glucose, amino acids…
Correct answer: PCT- A. 250
- B. 800
- C. 1260
- D. 1500
Explanation: Renal blood flow is approximately 20–25% of cardiac output, giving a typical value near 1,200–1,300 mL/min in an adult.
Correct answer: 1260- A. Na+
- B. HCO3-
- C. CL-
- D. PO4-2
Explanation: In the proximal tubule, NH4⁺ can substitute for H⁺ on the Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger, allowing ammonia-derived acid to be secreted while Na⁺ is…
Correct answer: Na+- A. Creatinine clearance
- B. Renal plasma flow
- C. G.F.R
- D. P.A.H. clearance
Explanation: Inulin is freely filtered by the glomerulus and is neither reabsorbed nor secreted by renal tubules, so its clearance equals the…
Correct answer: G.F.R- A. Aldosterone
- B. Angiotensin II
- C. Vasopressin
- D. Epinephrine
Explanation: Vasopressin directly increases collecting-duct water permeability, while aldosterone and angiotensin II support sodium and water retention…
Correct answer: Epinephrine- A. Inulin and PAH
- B. Urea and diodrast
- C. PAH and Phenol red
- D. Inulin and mannitol
Explanation: Filtration fraction is calculated as GFR divided by renal plasma flow. Inulin clearance estimates GFR and PAH clearance estimates…
Correct answer: Inulin and PAH- A. High
- B. Low
- C. Same
- D. Greatly increased
Explanation: Renal glycosuria occurs when glucose appears in urine despite a normal blood glucose level because proximal tubular glucose reabsorption…
Correct answer: Low- A. Ammonia
- B. Potassium
- C. Bicarbonate
- D. Sodium
Explanation: The proximal tubule has high permeability to sodium and reabsorbs most of the filtered sodium load, mainly through active transport and…
Correct answer: Sodium- A. Proximal segment
- B. Distal convoluted tubule
- C. Collecting duct
- D. Loop of Henle
Explanation: The proximal tubule reabsorbs about 65% of the glomerular filtrate, including large amounts of sodium and water.
Correct answer: Proximal segment- A. Plasma oncotic pressure is increased
- B. Glomerular hydrostatic pressure is decreased
- C. Tubular hydrostatic pressure is increased
- D. Increased renal blood flow
Explanation: An increase in renal blood flow can increase glomerular capillary filtration and hence GFR, whereas increased plasma oncotic, tubular…
Correct answer: Increased renal blood flow- A. Two million
- B. One million
- C. Four million
- D. ½ million
Explanation: A normal adult kidney contains approximately one million nephrons, although the number varies between individuals.
Correct answer: One million- A. 1.5 l/day
- B. 3 l/day
- C. 0.5 l/day
- D. 2 l/day
Explanation: Average adult urine output is about 1 to 2 litres daily, with approximately 1.5 litres per day commonly used as the normal value.
Correct answer: 1.5 l/day- A. 100%
- B. 0%
- C. 60%
- D. 50%
Explanation: Under normal conditions, essentially 100% of filtered glucose is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule through sodium-glucose…
Correct answer: 100%16. Formation of a small volume of concentrated urine in dehydration is associated with____________?
- A. More reabsorption in the PCT
- B. All of these
- C. More reabsorption of DCT and collecting ducts
- D. More concentration in loop of Henle
Explanation: Dehydration increases proximal sodium and water reabsorption, strengthens the medullary concentration gradient through the loop of Henle…
Correct answer: All of these- A. PAH
- B. Urea
- C. Inulin
- D. Glucose
Explanation: Inulin is freely filtered and neither reabsorbed nor secreted, so the amount cleared from plasma equals the GFR.
Correct answer: Inulin- A. Vasopressin
- B. Erythropoietin
- C. Renin
- D. 1,2,5 Dihydroxy cholecalciferol
Explanation: The kidney produces renin, erythropoietin, and active vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol.
Correct answer: Vasopressin- A. Urea
- B. Bicarbonate ion
- C. Chloride
- D. Carbohydrate
Explanation: Carbonic anhydrase catalyses the reversible reaction between carbon dioxide and water, generating carbonic acid and ultimately bicarbonate…
Correct answer: Bicarbonate ion- A. Increase in renal blood flow
- B. Increase in glomerular filtration rate
- C. Decrease in reabsorption of Na Cl
- D. Increase in NaCl concentration in urine
Explanation: In osmotic diuresis, a poorly reabsorbed solute retains water in the tubular fluid and reduces reabsorption of water and accompanying…
Correct answer: Decrease in reabsorption of Na ClRenal Physiology MCQs: common questions
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There are 39 Renal Physiology MCQs in the Physiology bank, shown 20 to a page with the correct answer and an explanation on each.
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Yes. Each Renal Physiology question shows the correct option and a written explanation of why it is correct, so a wrong answer teaches you something rather than just being marked wrong.
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