All Free Pharmacology MCQs with Answers

• A. Cortisol
• B. Cortisone
• C. Dexamethsone
• D. Aldosterone

Explanation: Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid and is not an endogenous adrenal cortical hormone.

• A. Focus of action
• B. Onset and duration of action
• C. Mode of biotransformation
• D. None of the above

Explanation: Insulin preparations mainly differ in their onset, peak effect and duration, which depend on formulation and absorption characteristics.

• A. Hepatic necrosis
• B. Permanent sterility
• C. Thromboembolic disorders
• D. Cancer of breast

Explanation: The major serious complication associated with combined oral contraceptives is thromboembolic disease, promoted particularly by the…

• A. Steroids reduce the rate of repair of tissues thus delays the healing
• B. Exacerbate the inflammatory response
• C. Can be safely given to immunocompromised patients
• D. Indicated in oral thrush

Explanation: Corticosteroids suppress inflammation and immune responses, but they also inhibit fibroblast activity and collagen formation, slowing…

• A. Acute myocardial infarction
• B. Bleeding from fibrinolytic therapy
• C. Heart failure
• D. Multiple pulmonary emboli

Explanation: Aminocaproic acid is an antifibrinolytic that blocks plasminogen activation and prevents fibrin breakdown, so it is useful for bleeding…

• A. Lipid soluble
• B. Water soluble
• C. Low molecular weight
• D. High molecular weight

Explanation: Microsomal oxidation mainly metabolises lipid-soluble drugs, converting them into more polar compounds that can be excreted.

• A. Pretty fast absorption
• B. A drug is exposed to gastric secretion
• C. A drug is exposed more prominent liver metabolism
• D. A drug can be administrated in a variety of dosesHealth Conditions

Explanation: Sublingual administration produces relatively rapid absorption through the highly vascular oral mucosa and partly avoids first-pass…

• A. Less likely to cause gastrointestinal bleeding.
• B. Less likely to cause diarrhea.
• C. Less likely to cause acute renal failure.
• D. More likely to reduce inflammation.
• E. More likely to prevent further acute attacks

Explanation: Colchicine commonly causes dose-limiting gastrointestinal effects, especially diarrhoea, whereas indomethacin is generally less likely to…

• A. Reduce fever.
• B. Irreversible inhibit its target enzyme.
• C. Prevent episodes of gouty arthritis with long term use.
• D. Reduce the risk of colon cancer.

Explanation: Among the listed NSAID-related effects, aspirin is distinctive because it irreversibly acetylates and inhibits cyclooxygenase, whereas…

• A. Root
• B. Bark
• C. Leaves
• D. Seed capsule

Explanation: Quinine is obtained from the dried bark of Cinchona trees, which contains quinoline alkaloids.

• A. Phenacetin
• B. Tetracycline
• C. Aminoglycoside
• D. Diazepam

Explanation: Diazepam is primarily metabolized by the liver and is comparatively safer in renal disease than phenacetin, tetracycline, or…

• A. Piroxicam
• B. Tenoxicam
• C. Meloxicam
• D. Indomethacin

Explanation: Meloxicam preferentially inhibits COX-2 at therapeutic doses, producing less gastric irritation than the nonselective NSAIDs listed.

• A. Aspirin
• B. Phenyl butazone
• C. Paracetamol
• D. IndomethacinConsult Online Doctors

Explanation: Paracetamol provides analgesia with negligible peripheral anti-inflammatory action and causes much less gastric irritation than aspirin…

• A. Nephritis
• B. Chronic hepatitis
• C. Bleeding disorders
• D. A & B

Explanation: Paracetamol should be avoided in significant liver disease because toxic metabolites can cause severe hepatic injury, and it is also…

• A. 10 to 20 percent
• B. 20 to 30 percent
• C. 40 to 50 percent
• D. 60 to 70 percent

Explanation: A 60% to 70% ethanol-water mixture penetrates microbial cells and denatures proteins more effectively than absolute alcohol, which…

• A. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects identical to that of Non-selective NSAID
• B. They do not offer the cardio protective effect
• C. Safe in patients with renal insufficiency
• D. Fewer incidence of gastrointestinal side effect

Explanation: Selective COX-2 inhibitors can still impair renal prostaglandin-dependent blood flow, so they are not safe in renal insufficiency.

• A. Ibuprofen
• B. Indomethacin
• C. Aspirin
• D. B & C

Explanation: Indomethacin and aspirin can both rarely cause blood dyscrasias, including leukopenia or other serious hematological reactions.

• A. Nifedipine
• B. Erythromycin
• C. Cyclosporin
• D. Aspirin
• E. Both A & C

Explanation: Gingival hyperplasia is a recognised adverse effect of both nifedipine and cyclosporine, due partly to altered gingival fibroblast…

• A. Roxatidine
• B. Pirenzipine
• C. Betaxolol
• D. Misoprostol

Explanation: Misoprostol is a prostaglandin E1 analogue that reduces gastric acid secretion and strengthens mucosal defence, helping prevent…

• A. Hypoprothrombinemia
• B. Hyperprothrombinemia
• C. Hyprphosphatasia
• D. Hypercalcemia

Explanation: Prolonged aspirin use can cause hypoprothrombinemia by impairing vitamin K-dependent clotting factor function, in addition to inhibiting…