Free Haemodynamic Disorders MCQs with Answers

• A. Muscles during exercise
• B. All of the Above
• C. Blushing
• D. Inflammation

Explanation: Active hyperaemia results from arteriolar dilation and occurs physiologically in exercising muscle and blushing, as well as during…

• A. Fatty
• B. Caseous
• C. Coagulative
• D. Gangrenous

Explanation: Most infarcts cause coagulative necrosis because the ischemic tissue framework remains preserved for some time.

• A. Thrombosis
• B. Coagulation
• C. Ischaemia
• D. Embolism

Explanation: An embolus is a detached intravascular mass, such as a thrombus fragment or foreign material, carried by blood until it obstructs a…

• A. Air or gas embolism
• B. Hyper coagulability
• C. Amniotic fluid embolism
• D. Tumour embolism

Explanation: Caisson disease is decompression sickness caused by formation of nitrogen gas bubbles when a person rises rapidly from high pressure.

• A. Coagulated fibrin
• B. Aggregated R.B.C
• C. Aggregated platelets
• D. Aggregated proteins

Explanation: Lines of Zahn are alternating pale platelet-fibrin layers and darker red-cell-rich layers formed in flowing blood.

• A. Jaundice
• B. Cirrhosis
• C. Chronic venous congestion
• D. Hepatocellular carcinoma

Explanation: Nutmeg liver is the mottled appearance produced by chronic passive venous congestion, especially from right-sided heart failure.

• A. Heamosiderin laden macrophages in alveoli
• B. Aschoji's giant cells
• C. Fibrocytes in myocardium
• D. Hypertrophic myocardial fibres

Explanation: Heart failure cells are alveolar macrophages containing haemosiderin after pulmonary venous congestion and leakage of red cells.

• A. The central venous pressure ins high
• B. The extremities are pale, cold and sweating
• C. There is always s site of bleeding
• D. Urine output is unaffected

Explanation: Reduced circulating volume causes sympathetic vasoconstriction, making the extremities pale, cold, and sweaty.

• A. A decrease in the blood pressure
• B. A decrease in the central venous pressure
• C. A decrease in the heart rate
• D. A decrease in the urine output

Explanation: A 40% blood-volume loss causes hypovolaemic shock with reduced blood pressure, central venous pressure and urine output, while sympathetic…

• A. Increased albumin in blood and decreased globin
• B. None of the above
• C. Increased osmotic pressure
• D. Decreased albumin conc. in blood

Explanation: Low blood albumin reduces plasma oncotic pressure, so fluid leaves the intravascular space and accumulates in tissues as edema.

• A. Anasarca
• B. Pitting edema
• C. Myxoedema
• D. Dependent edema

Explanation: Anasarca means severe, generalized edema involving the subcutaneous tissues and often body cavities.